Effects of uniconazole with or without micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and winter wheat production in semiarid regions

Foliar application uniconazole enhanced lodging resistance of hybrid indica rice by altering basal stem quality under poor light stress

“…In the current study, with increasing foliar application of uniconazole rate, the LI of hybrid indica rice plants was reduced significantly under poor light stress (Figure 3a and 3d), which is consistent with the previous report on maize by Irshad et al. (2020). These results can be explained as following.…”

“…Uniconazole, a potential plant growth regulator, significantly enhances mechanical strength of the lower internodes and lodging resistance in cereal plants (Irshad et al., 2020). In the current study, with increasing foliar application of uniconazole rate, the LI of hybrid indica rice plants was reduced significantly under poor light stress (Figure 3a and 3d), which is consistent with the previous report on maize by Irshad et al.…”

“…Lignin is known as the material that deposits in the sclerenchyma tissues, cellulose acts as a net support for plants, and starch fills the parenchyma tissues to provide stem plumpness (Wu et al., 2017). In winter wheat, uniconazole foliar application or micronutrient seed soaking significantly increased the lignin content in culm tissue by higher enzyme activities of PAL, TAL, CAD, and POD and thus, decreased lodging stress (Irshad et al., 2020). Similar results were also reported in maize (Irshad et al., 2018).…”

“…As in previous reports, an appropriate use of uniconazole improves grain yield and lodging resistance, but excessive application of uniconazole might decrease plant height sharply and reduce spikelet per panicle largely and thereby, decrease grain yield in cereals (Shah et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2017). Such as, the good uniconazole seed‐soaking treatments, a concentration of 30 mg L –1 in wheat (Irshad et al., 2020), or 25 mg kg −1 in maize (Irshad et al., 2018), or 3.33 mg L –1 to mix seed of summer intercropping soybean (Chen et al., 2019), could achieve high‐yielding and strong lodging resistance in cereal plants. In addition, foliar application uniconazole treatments, a concentration of 25 mg L −1 in maize (Irshad et al., 2018) or 75 mg L −1 in common buckwheat, showed highest culm quality and yield levels (Liu et al., 2015).…”

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the mechanism of uniconazole inducing hypocotyl dwarfing by suppressing BrbZIP39–BrPAL4 module mediating lignin biosynthesis in flowering Chinese cabbage

“…Factory-raised seedlings, at present, are widely applied in vegetable production; however, the conditions of growth in factories—including low light, high humidity, and high temperature—result in the excessive growth of hypocotyls during seedling cultivation and obviously affect the survival rate of vegetable seedlings ( Gomez and Mitchell, 2014 ; Song et al., 2022 ). Uniconazole, a plant growth regulator, can effectively decrease plant height, increase root–shoot ratio and stem diameter, and enhance lodging resistance ( Currey et al., 2016 ; Ahmad et al., 2020 ; Zuo et al., 2020 ). In our present study, uniconazole treatment significantly decreased plant height and hypocotyl length but enhanced hypocotyl diameter, and the level of increase or decrease was correlated with the applied concentration in a certain range (0–100 mg·L -1 ) in flowering Chinese cabbage ( Figures 1A–C ).…”