Effects of unconventional recreational drug use in pregnancy

Chomchai, Summon; Phuditshinnapatra, Jariya; Mekavuthikul, Pattaraporn; Chomchai, Chulathida

doi:10.1016/j.siny.2019.01.010

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Monitoring of opioids use during pregnancy is especially important, since besides their possible illicit use, these drugs are used for pain management (epidural anesthesia) or to treat drug addiction [ 7 ]. Prenatal exposure to drugs is mostly related to neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), but also to low birth weight and preterm delivery [ 8 – 10 ]. Therefore, it is important to detect prenatal exposure to psychoactive substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of 137 drugs of abuse, new psychoactive substances, and novel synthetic opioids in meconium by UHPLC-QTOF

López-Rabuñal

Corcia²,

Amante³

et al. 2021

Anal Bioanal Chem

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New psychoactive substances (NPS) have been introduced into the market in recent years, with new analytes reported every year. The use of these substances in women can occur at any stage of life, even in the childbearing age. Drug use during pregnancy presents significant risks for the mother and the fetus, so it is important to have tools that allow to detect prenatal exposure to these substances of abuse. Therefore, an analytical method for the determination of 137 NPS and other drugs of abuse in meconium by UHPLC-QTOF was developed and validated for semi-quantitative purpose. Linearity range, limit of detection (LOD), precision, matrix effect, selectivity, and specificity were evaluated. For all analytes, the calibration curves were studied in the ranges between 2, 10, or 50 ng/g and 750 or 1000 ng/g, (depending on the analyte) and the LOD ranged between 0.04 and 2.4 ng/g. The method was applied to 30 meconium specimens from cases in which fentanyl had been administered as epidural anesthesia at the time of delivery or cases in which the maternal hair was positive to other drug of abuse. Four meconium samples tested positive for fentanyl (range concentration = 440–750 ng/g) and two samples tested positive to acetylfentanyl (range concentration = 190–1400 ng/g).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of 137 drugs of abuse, new psychoactive substances, and novel synthetic opioids in meconium by UHPLC-QTOF

López-Rabuñal

Corcia²,

Amante³

et al. 2021

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Discrepancies among the various legislations internationally, as well as the increase in the use of internet and globalization have resulted in an increased use of kratom for voluptuary purposes (53) indicating the need for international coordination of scientists and legislators (54). That kratom could induce an opioid-like withdrawal syndrome, therefore it can be included among addictive substances, is shown by the fact that it may be present in neonates exposed to the substance due to their mothers' heavy use during pregnancy (55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61). In fact, the World Anti-Doping Agency placed mitragynine on its Monitoring List since 2014, and 1 year later, four cases of mitragynine use among strength sportsmen were detected (62).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder With a Classical Tricyclic Antidepressant

Vento

Persis²,

Filippis³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Kratom or Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) is an evergreen tree of the coffee family native to South-East Asia and Australasia. It is used by locals recreationally to induce stimulant and sedative effects and medically to soothe pain and opiate withdrawal. Its leaves are smoked, chewed, or infused, or ground to yield powders or extracts for use as liquids. It contains more than 40 alkaloids; among these, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are endowed with variable mu, delta, and kappa opioid stimulating properties (with 7-hydroxymitragynine having a more balanced affinity), rhynchophylline, which is a non-competitive NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, but is present in negligible quantities, and raubasine, which inhibits α1-adrenceptors preferentially over α2-adrenceptors, while the latter are bound by 7-hydroxymitragynine, while mitragynine counters 5-HT2A receptors. This complexity of neurochemical mechanisms may account for kratom's sedative-analgesic and stimulant effects. It is commonly held that kratom at low doses is stimulant and at higher doses sedative, but no cut-off has been possible to define. Long-term use of kratom may produce physical and psychological effects that are very similar to its withdrawal syndrome, that is, anxiety, irritability, mood, eating, and sleep disorders, other than physical symptoms resembling opiate withdrawal. Kratom's regulatory status varies across countries; in Italy, both mitragynine and the entire tree and its parts are included among regulated substances. We describe the case of a patient who developed anxiety and dysphoric mood and insomnia while using kratom, with these symptoms persisting after withdrawal. He did not respond to a variety of antidepressant combinations and tramadol for various months, and responded after 1 month of clomipramine. Well-being persisted after discontinuing tramadol.

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“…Ketamine is commonly used for sedation in shortterm medical processes as endoscopy and circumcision during which striped muscle relaxation is unnecessary. It is also approved alone or in combination with other drugs for general anesthesia [4][5][6][7]. It binds to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the posterior cornu of the medulla spinalis and provides longterm analgesic efficacy with a single application [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamin/ksilazin anestezi hemoreolojik bakış açısından güvenlidir: bir ilk

Akbudak¹,

Erkek²,

Tuzcu³

et al. 2021

Pamukkale Medical Journal

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Some anesthetic drugs are known to have influence on circulation due to hemorheological effects. We aimed to investigate the possible effects of ketamin-xylazine anesthesia, which is extensively used in experimental animal laboratories on hemorheological parameters. Materials and methods: Adult, male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into two as control (pre-anesthesia) and post-anesthesia (n=17). Ketamin-HCl/Xylazine-HCl (90 mg/kg-10 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally. Intracardiac heparinized blood was collected either without anesthesia (control group) or after anesthesia (post-anesthesia group) following the loss of reflexes such as righting, cornea and withdrawal. Erythrocyte deformability was determined by an ektacytometer, while WBV (at shear rates of 38, 76 and 190 s-1) and PV (at 190 s-1 shear rate) at standard (40%) and otolog hematocrit (Hct) were measured via a cone-plate rotational viscometer. Results: Mean time taken for the disappearance of righting reflex was 4±3.6, corneal reflex 8±6.8 and for withdrawal reflex 10±6.7 min. 90 mg/kg Ketamin-10 mg/kg Xylazine administration did not affect RBC deformability, WBV and PV of the rats. Conclusion:These results demonstrate that, use of Ketamin/Xylazine anesthesia may be recommended especially when dealing with hemorheological, cardiovascular and hematological parameters.

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Effects of unconventional recreational drug use in pregnancy

Cited by 16 publications

References 59 publications

Simultaneous determination of 137 drugs of abuse, new psychoactive substances, and novel synthetic opioids in meconium by UHPLC-QTOF

Simultaneous determination of 137 drugs of abuse, new psychoactive substances, and novel synthetic opioids in meconium by UHPLC-QTOF

Case Report: Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder With a Classical Tricyclic Antidepressant

Ketamin/ksilazin anestezi hemoreolojik bakış açısından güvenlidir: bir ilk

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