Effects of ultraviolet radiation on pigmentation, photoenzymatic repair, behavior, and community ecology of zooplankton

Hansson, Lars‐Anders; Hylander, Samuel

doi:10.1039/b908825c

Cited by 104 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…The generally larger size and greater pigmentation of zooplankton in lakes without vs. with fish provides compelling evidence for the importance of visual predation yet simultaneously suggests that DVM alone is not adequate to reduce visual predation to unimportant levels. One of the more interesting aspects of these studies is the trade-off between high pigment concentrations that protect from photodamage and the tendency for these pigments to increase susceptibility of zooplankton to visual predators (Hairston 1979;Hansson 2000;Johnsen and Widder 2001). Zooplankton seem to be able to balance the conflicting selective pressures of visual predation and photodamage with a combination of photoprotection and DVM, though the extent to which these mechanisms are used may vary among zooplankton taxa (Hansson et al 2007;).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Williamson

Fischer

Bollens

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

186

202

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The current prevailing theory of diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is focused largely on two biotic drivers: food and predation. Yet recent evidence suggests that abiotic drivers such as damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature are also important. Here we integrate current knowledge on the effects of abiotic factors on DVM with the current biologically based paradigm to develop a more comprehensive framework for understanding DVM in zooplankton. We focus on ''normal'' (down during the day, up at night) DVM of holoplanktonic, primarily herbivorous zooplankton. This new transparency-regulator hypothesis differentiates between structural drivers, such as temperature and food, that vary little over a 24-h period and dynamic drivers, such as damaging UV radiation and visual predation, that show strong variation over a 24-h period. This hypothesis emphasizes the central role of water transparency in regulating these major drivers of DVM. In less transparent systems, temperature and food are often optimal in the surface waters, visual predators are abundant, and UV radiation levels are low. In contrast, in more transparent systems, vertical thermal gradients tend to be more gradual, food quality and quantity are higher in deeper waters, and visual predator abundance is often lower and damaging UV radiation higher in the surface waters. This transparency-regulator hypothesis provides a more versatile theoretical framework to explain variation in DVM across waters of differing transparency. This hypothesis also enables clearer predictions of how the wide range of ongoing transparency-altering local, regional, and global environmental changes can be expected to influence DVM patterns in both inland and oceanic waters of the world.Diel vertical migrations (DVM) of zooplankton in the world's lakes and oceans comprise some of the most widespread and massive migrations of animals on Earth. These striking migrations across strong vertical habitat gradients have inspired numerous ecological and evolutionary studies addressing mechanisms of habitat selection and consequences for species interactions. These migrations also have important implications for water quality and fisheries production as well as biogeochemical cycling. Natural and anthropogenic environmental changes, such as shifting local land use patterns and regional to global climate change, are altering water transparency and have the potential to affect DVM in lakes and oceans worldwide. The purpose of this article is to provide a common theoretical framework for understanding variation in the drivers of DVM across transparency gradients with a particular emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of the role of ultraviolet radiation (UV).Many environmental factors are recognized as providing both important proximate cues as well as ultimate consequences of adaptive significance for DVM, including light, temperature, food availability, and predation pressures (Table 1; Lampert 1989;Ringelberg 1993;Hays 2003). In spite of the wides...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Williamson

Fischer

Bollens

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

186

202

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“…Hence, animals have to trade-off responses to different threats or, alternatively, only respond to the most severe threat. For example, in environments where copepods are exposed to both predatory fish and UVR simultaneously, copepods ignore UVR and lose all their pigmentation to reduce predation [6]. In our study, both UVR and predators induced increased pigmentation in R. balthica.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Hence, it is highly probable that it is beneficial for the snails to be plastic in mantle pigmentation and that this plasticity may be adaptive. While photoprotective pigmentation can counteract the negative effects of UVR [6,7], it can also be used as camouflage [9,10]. An inducible morphological defence can increase a prey's chance of escaping an attack [19]; in this case, pigmentation linked to camouflage may decrease predation rate by reducing encounter rates with predators [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High levels of UVR have severe consequences for organisms, including effects on growth, behaviour and DNA damage [3,4]. However, the ability to induce photoprotective pigmentation can counteract the negative effects of UVR [5][6][7]. Risk of predation is another environmental threat that may affect the level of pigmentation individuals express.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Camouflaged or tanned: plasticity in freshwater snail pigmentation

Ahlgren

Hansson

et al. 2013

Biol. Lett.

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By having phenotypically plastic traits, many organisms optimize their fitness in response to fluctuating threats. Freshwater snails with translucent shells, e.g. snails from the Radix genus, differ considerably in their mantle pigmentation patterns, with snails from the same water body ranging from being completely dark pigmented to having only a few dark patterns. These pigmentation differences have previously been suggested to be genetically fixed, but we propose that this polymorphism is owing to phenotypic plasticity in response to a fluctuating environment. Hence, we here aimed to assess whether common stressors, including ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and predation, induce a plastic response in mantle pigmentation patterns of Radix balthica. We show, in contrast to previous studies, that snails are plastic in their expression of mantle pigmentation in response to changes in UVR and predator threats, i.e. differences among populations are not genetically fixed. When exposed to cues from visually hunting fish, R. balthica increased the proportion of their dark pigmentation, suggesting a crypsis strategy. Snails increased their pigmentation even further in response to UVR, but this also led to a reduction in pattern complexity. Furthermore, when exposed to UVR and fish simultaneously, snails responded in the same way as in the UVR treatment, suggesting a trade-off between photoprotection and crypsis.

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“…Solar UV-B radiation is detrimental to most sun-exposed organisms, including humans [22]. An increase in UV-B radiation has led to search for the natural photoprotective compounds from various organisms such as microorganisms, plants and animals of marine as well as freshwater ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of PhotoprotectiveCompounds in Marine Zooplankton of the Southwest Coast of India: An Ecological Perspective

Nallathambi¹,

S²,

Vardhan³

et al. 2012

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Inthe marine environment, organisms are under threat due to several environmental fluctuations such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, coastal pollution etc. However, it is encouraging to note that the marine organisms try to protect themselves from UV-radiation by synthesizing photprotective compounds. Since phytoplankton can synthesize the UV-protecective compounds and are grazed by zooplankton, we investigated the presence of photoprotective compounds in zooplankton. In this context, a study has been conducted for the first time in the shelf waters of the southwest coast of Arabian Sea, India for the characterization of photoprotective compounds in the zooplankton community. The study revealed the presence of photoprotective compounds, such asporphyra and palythine in the zooplankton community of all the stations, in addition to mycosporine glycine, in the polluted waters of the stations,Veli, Neendakari and Cochin.

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Effects of ultraviolet radiation on pigmentation, photoenzymatic repair, behavior, and community ecology of zooplankton

Cited by 104 publications

References 117 publications

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Camouflaged or tanned: plasticity in freshwater snail pigmentation

Characterization of PhotoprotectiveCompounds in Marine Zooplankton of the Southwest Coast of India: An Ecological Perspective

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