Effects of UCS intensity and postpeak acquisition trials on classical conditioning of the SCR

Silver, Avrum I.; McCaffrey, Robert J.; Godfrey, Gene

doi:10.1016/0001-6918(78)90030-6

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…There was no correlation between state or trait anxiety measures from the cognitive regulation data set and our physiological measures of acquisition, suggesting that anxiety does not mediate the relationship between fear expression and thickness in the insula region. Individual shock levels were not recorded; however, previous research has found no relationship between shock intensity and CR magnitude (Kimmel et al 1969;Silver et al 1978). Unconditioned response magnitude was unrelated to thickness in the insula region in both data sets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Brain Structure Correlates of Individual Differences in the Acquisition and Inhibition of Conditioned Fear

2011

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Research employing aversive conditioning paradigms has elucidated the neurocircuitry involved in acquiring and diminishing fear responses. However, the factors underlying individual differences in fear acquisition and inhibition are not presently well understood. In this study, we explored whether the magnitude of individuals' acquired fear responses and the modulation of these responses via 2 fear reduction methods were correlated with structural differences in brain regions involved in affective processing. Physiological and structural magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from experiments exploring extinction retention and intentional cognitive regulation. Our results identified 2 regions in which individual variation in brain structure correlated with subjects' fear-related arousal. Confirming previous results, increased thickness in ventromedial prefrontal cortex was correlated with the degree of extinction retention. Additionally, subjects with greater thickness in the posterior insula exhibited larger conditioned responses during acquisition. The data suggest a trend toward a negative correlation between amygdala volume and fear acquisition magnitude. There was no significant correlation between fear reduction via cognitive regulation and thickness in our prefrontal regions of interest. Acquisition and regulation measures were uncorrelated, suggesting that while certain individuals may have a propensity toward increased expression of conditioned fear, these responses can be diminished via both extinction and cognitive regulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Brain Structure Correlates of Individual Differences in the Acquisition and Inhibition of Conditioned Fear

2011

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“…The first few trials of SCR conditioning produce large CRs, which in previous studies (e.g., Schramm & Kimmel, 1970;Silver & Kimmel, 1969;Silver, McCaffrey, & Godfrey , 1978) were followed by the omission of the UCS. The result has been strong persistence of the CR both in magnitude and in trials to the extinction criterion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Additional support for this proposed process comes from the study by Silver et al (1978). In that study, three intensity levels of the UCS, 1, 2, and 4 rnA, and two levels of PP acquis ition trials (i.e., 2 and 16 PP) were employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Persistence of the SCR following few Pavlovian acquisition trials: An instrumental reinforcement process

McCaffrey

Silver

1980

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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extinction, examining the total number of PP trials (acquisition and extinction) permits a more comprehensive picture of CR strength and also reveals the amount of time a subject continues to respond beyond the peak CR. An examination of the groups that received 2 and 16 PP paired trials in the Silver and Kimmel (1969) study reveals that , on the average , the 2-PP group required 43 trials to reach the extinction criterion , whereas the l6-PP group required only 23 trials beyond the peak CR to reach extinction. Schramm and Kimmel's (1970) replication produced similar results. Their 2-PP paired group continued to respond for 43 trials, compared with 22 trials for the 16-PP paired condition. While attenuation of the CR occurs during both PP acquisition and extinction, one might expect extinction trials, and not acquisition trials, beyond the peak CR to enhance attenuation and result in weaker CRs. The results of the Schramm and Kimmel (1970) and Silver and Kimmel (1969) studies indicate the opposite.

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Effects of UCS intensity and postpeak acquisition trials on classical conditioning of the SCR

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Brain Structure Correlates of Individual Differences in the Acquisition and Inhibition of Conditioned Fear

Brain Structure Correlates of Individual Differences in the Acquisition and Inhibition of Conditioned Fear

Persistence of the SCR following few Pavlovian acquisition trials: An instrumental reinforcement process

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