Effects of two plant growth regulators, indole-3-acetic acid and β-naphthoxyacetic acid, on genotoxicity in Drosophila SMART assay and on proliferation and viability of HEK293 cells from the perspective of carcinogenesis

Abstract

In this study, the mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant growth regulator naturally synthesized in plants but produced synthetically, and β-naphthoxyacetic acid (BNOA), a synthetic plant growth regulator widely used in agricultural regions, were investigated using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila wings. The effect of the same plant growth regulators against the proliferation and viability of a human immortalized embryonic kidney HEK293 cells which is at the early stage of carcinogenesis were also examined with MTT and trypan-blue exclusion assays. For the SMART assay, two different crosses were used: a standard and a high-bioactivation (HB) cross, involving the flare-3 and the multiple wing hairs markers. The HB cross involved flies characterized by an increased cytochrome P-450-dependent bioactivation capacity, which permits the more efficient biotransformation of promutagens and procarcinogens. In both crosses, the wings of the two types of progeny, inversion-free marker heterozygotes and balancer heterozygotes, were analyzed. The results show that IAA and BNOA are not mutagenic or recombinogenic in the wing cells of Drosophila. Furthermore, neither plant growth regulator affected the proliferation rate of HEK293 cells; however, both of them induced cell death at high concentrations.

Genotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in Drosophila melanogaster

“…The positive controls carried out with 0.12 mg/mL EMS showed a clear response, and the mutant spot frequencies also agreed with previous and recent studies [26,54,55]. …”

Regulated protein depletion by the auxin-inducible degradation system inDrosophila melanogaster

“…Consistent with our observations, previous analyses have failed to detect mutagenic effects of auxin after feeding Drosophila larvae with concentrations up to 20 mM. 21 To confirm that auxin actually penetrates into cultured S2RC cells, we generated a test construct for transient transfection experiments (Fig. 2A).…”

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and fluzifob-p-butyl herbicides

“…However, Ore et al reported FPB is capable of causing testicular oxidative stress in vivo. Similarly, Karadeniz et al (2015) showed that FPB and FPE possessed mutagenic and recombinogenic effects by using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila wings. For the SMART assay, two different crosses were used: a standard (ST) and a high bioactivation (HB) cross.…”

“…IC 50 (50% inhibition of enzyme activity) values of FPE and FPB were 392.88 and 231.37 mM, respectively. Karadeniz et al (2015) tested the viability and proliferation effects of FPE and FPB on human immortalized embryonic kidney HEK293 cells which examined with MTT and trypan-blue exclusion assays. They reported that herbicides did not affected the proliferation rate of the HEK293 cells but both induced cell death at high concentrations, as determined in our study.…”