Effects of two natural diets on the biochemical compositions of post‐mating female mud crab (
            <i>Scylla paramamosain</i>
            )

Farhadi, Ardavan; Huang, Zhi; Tan, Haidong; Qiu, Bixun; Fang, Shaobin; Ikhwanuddin, Mhd; Ma, Hongyu

doi:10.1111/are.15856

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It is slightly surprising that the repertoire of lignocellulose degrading CAZymes was found in carnivorous crab species as well. This might be attributed to the typically omnivorous lifestyle of crabs with ingestion of algal matter was also reported in the predominantly carnivorous species collected in subtidal areas in this study (Thranita danae, Scylla paramamosain, Epixanthus frontalis [70][71][72], which facilitate the acquisition and maintenance of lignocellulolytic microbes in carnivorous species. These results together with previously reported cellulase expression in crab transcriptomes [18,19] suggest that the crabs implement a mixed mode of digestion utilizing both endogenous and microbial enzymes in lignocellulose degradation, as observed in most of the more advanced herbivorous invertebrate species [11].…”

Section: Composition and Lignocellulose Degradation Capacity Of The M...supporting

confidence: 79%

Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome illuminates the mechanisms and evolution of lignocellulose degradation in mangrove herbivorous crabs

Hui,

Lo,

Wong

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

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Background Sesarmid crabs dominate mangrove habitats as the major primary consumers, which facilitates the trophic link and nutrient recycling in the ecosystem. Therefore, the adaptations and mechanisms of sesarmid crabs to herbivory are not only crucial to terrestrialization and its evolutionary success, but also to the healthy functioning of mangrove ecosystems. Although endogenous cellulase expressions were reported in crabs, it remains unknown if endogenous enzymes alone can complete the whole lignocellulolytic pathway, or if they also depend on the contribution from the intestinal microbiome. We attempt to investigate the role of gut symbiotic microbes of mangrove-feeding sesarmid crabs in plant digestion using a comparative metagenomic approach. Results Metagenomics analyses on 43 crab gut samples from 23 species of mangrove crabs with different dietary preferences revealed a wide coverage of 127 CAZy families and nine KOs targeting lignocellulose and their derivatives in all species analyzed, including predominantly carnivorous species, suggesting the crab gut microbiomes have lignocellulolytic capacity regardless of dietary preference. Microbial cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase genes in herbivorous and detritivorous crabs were differentially more abundant when compared to omnivorous and carnivorous crabs, indicating the importance of gut symbionts in lignocellulose degradation and the enrichment of lignocellulolytic microbes in response to diet with higher lignocellulose content. Herbivorous and detritivorous crabs showed highly similar CAZyme composition despite dissimilarities in taxonomic profiles observed in both groups, suggesting a stronger selection force on gut microbiota by functional capacity than by taxonomy. The gut microbiota in herbivorous sesarmid crabs were also enriched with nitrogen reduction and fixation genes, implying possible roles of gut microbiota in supplementing nitrogen that is deficient in plant diet. Conclusions Endosymbiotic microbes play an important role in lignocellulose degradation in most crab species. Their abundance is strongly correlated with dietary preference, and they are highly enriched in herbivorous sesarmids, thus enhancing their capacity in digesting mangrove leaves. Dietary preference is a stronger driver in determining the microbial CAZyme composition and taxonomic profile in the crab microbiome, resulting in functional redundancy of endosymbiotic microbes. Our results showed that crabs implement a mixed mode of digestion utilizing both endogenous and microbial enzymes in lignocellulose degradation, as observed in most of the more advanced herbivorous invertebrates.

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Section: Composition and Lignocellulose Degradation Capacity Of The M...supporting

confidence: 79%

Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome illuminates the mechanisms and evolution of lignocellulose degradation in mangrove herbivorous crabs

Hui,

Lo,

Wong

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

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“…At the end of the experiment, animals were starved for 24 h prior to sampling. Animals in each treatment were anaesthetized for 10 min on ice and weighed to determine weight gain ratio (WGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and survival rate according to (Farhadi et al, 2021, 2022; Qian et al, 2020)

WGR ()(%) goodbreak= ()(, \frac{Final body wet weight - initial body wet weight}{Initial body wet weight}) * 100

FCR goodbreak= ()(, \frac{Weight gain (normalg)}{Food consumed (normalg)})

SGR ()(, % / day) goodbreak= \frac{()(, Ln final body wet weight goodbreak- Ln initial body wet weight) * 100}{Rearing period ()(, days)}

PER goodbreak= ()(, \frac{Weight gain (normalg)}{Protein intake (normalg)})

Survival rate ()(%) goodbreak= ()(, \frac{Final numbers of crayfish}{Initial numbers of crayfish}) * 100

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Survival and Growth Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary oak ( Quercus brantii ) acorn extract affects growth performance, survival rate, haemolymph parameters, and body composition of narrow‐clawed crayfish ( Pontastacus leptodactylus )

Mosafer

Mousavi

Farhadi

2022

Aquaculture Research

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Herbal extracts have been successfully utilized to improve the growth, survival, immunity, and disease resistance of aquatic animals. The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of dietary acorn extract on growth, survival rate, proximate composition, and haemolymph parameters of narrow-clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus). A total number of 360 crayfish (39.17 ± 0.73 g) were randomly distributed into four treatments and fed experimental diets containing 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg diet of acorn extract for 90 days. The results showed significant improvement in all growth parameters, weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER), as well as survival rate between acorn extract, supplemented crayfish and control with the maximum performance in the 2 g/kg diet of acorn extract (p < 0.05). The dietary acorn extract increased the concentration of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) (p < 0.05). Hepatic enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), were not affected by dietary acorn extract (p > 0.05), suggesting no toxic effect on the hepatopancreas. Moreover, animals fed on dietary acorn extract had higher crude protein and lower crude lipid contents compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings revealed that feeding P. leptodactylus with acorn extract at 2 g/kg level significantly improves the growth performance and survival rate, without negative impacts on the health status.

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“…In the context of the urgent need for upgrading and expansion of the S. paramamosain culture industry, as well as the urgent need to break through the problems of low survival rate and unstable yield in nurseries, it is necessary to systematically study the embryonic development of S. paramamosain. Currently, studies on this crab species have focused on the genetic structure of geographic populations, comparison of differences among geographic populations, molecular markers (Lu et al, 2009;Ma et al, 2011;Ma et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2018), the effects of nutrient regulation on growth and development (Xu et al, 2020;Farhadi et al, 2022;Luo et al, 2023), as well as cloning and validation of functional genes, e.g. genes related to sex determination regulation, genes for various enzymes, and immune-related genes (Wan et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021;Ma and Zhu, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the embryonic development of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

Xu,

Ma,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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To investigate the embryonic development of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, we analyzed three critical parameters: egg color of, embryo morphology (through conventional and laser scanning confocal microscopy), and the distribution of cell divisions. During embryonic development, the egg color exhibited a progressive transition, shifting from orange to reddish-orange, then to brown, before ultimately darkening to black. Each embryo displayed a spherical shape, measuring approximately 280 μm in diameter, characterized by a smooth surface devoid of any depressions. The embryonic cell division was in the form of mixed oogenesis, comprised of complete division in the early stage, spiral oogenesis in the middle stage and surface division in the late stage. It is noteworthy that the blastopore appeared at the position where the transparent area and cell aggregation just appeared under the microscope, and the blastomere was a characteristic of the embryo entering the gastrulation stage. After entering the gastrulation stage, the cells aggregated towards the blastopore and formed two symmetrical cell clusters, which formed a V-shape with the void of the classic blastopore. When the transparent region occupied approximately 1/5 of the embryo’s volume, the embryo entered the nauplius stage, and the thoracic and abdominal armor, as well as the optic lobe and abdominal limb primordia, could be clearly distinguished. The appearance of the compound eye pigment band indicated the stage of compound eye pigment formation. At this time, the transparent area accounted for 1/4 of the embryo and a large number of ganglia appeared. The change of the compound eye pigment band from red to black was also one of the reasons for the blackening of the egg color of the crabs. The data obtained through this study have potential applications in the determination of embryonic development status and obtaining of high-quality seeds for S. paramamosain culture.

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Effects of two natural diets on the biochemical compositions of post‐mating female mud crab ( Scylla paramamosain )

Abstract: Mud crabs belong to the genus Scylla (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae), are widely considered as a luxury food due to their large size, meat flavour and texture. Genus Scylla includes four species:

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome illuminates the mechanisms and evolution of lignocellulose degradation in mangrove herbivorous crabs

Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome illuminates the mechanisms and evolution of lignocellulose degradation in mangrove herbivorous crabs

Dietary oak ( Quercus brantii ) acorn extract affects growth performance, survival rate, haemolymph parameters, and body composition of narrow‐clawed crayfish ( Pontastacus leptodactylus )

Observations on the embryonic development of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

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