Effects of two contrasting canopy manipulations on growth and water use of London plane (Platanus x acerifolia) trees

Hipps, N. A.; Davies, Michael J.; Dunn, Joel M.; Griffiths, Howard; Atkinson, Carol

doi:10.1007/s11104-014-2143-4

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…2013 and 5 2014 started out similar, but in 2013 the leaves started going partly brown in the beginning of August, likely due to the warmer and drier conditions this summer. Leaf area density was not measured in this study but has previously been found to vary between 0.3 and 0.5 for unpruned Platanus × acerifolia (Hipps et al 2014).…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Temporal variations in microclimate cooling induced by urban trees in Mainz, Germany

Lindén

Fonti

Esper

2016

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

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2 Highlights  Spatial temperature variations are compared with transpiration in a mid-sized city  Urban tree transpiration significantly enhances microclimate cooling  Nocturnal transpiration induced strong cooling due to limited air mixing at night  Transpiration cooling effect strongest in an enclosed courtyard environment AbstractGlobal warming is likely to increase the frequency and magnitude of heat waves. As the urban geometry and material amplifies warming, city dwellers will face an intensification of heat-induced health problems and mortality. Although increased vegetation cover is frequently used in urban planning to mitigate excessive heat, temporal variations, as well as the influence of synoptic weather conditions and surrounding urban geometry on the vegetation cooling effect, are still unclear. In this study, we monitored the transpiration-induced cooling from trees over two summers in five urban settings characterized by varying levels of greenness and urban geometry in the city of Mainz (Germany). Differences in air temperature and humidity patterns were compared with estimates of tree transpiration derived from high-resolution stem size and sap flow measurements. Results from the five urban sites indicate significant cooling due to transpiration, but with large variability depending on time of day and weather conditions. The cooling effect is strongest during periods of high transpiration demand, and in the stable nocturnal boundary layer when air mixing is limited.The strongest transpiration cooling was found in an enclosed courtyard structure. These findings reveal that a few trees can substantially mitigate urban excess heat, but that the urban geometry, time of the day, and prevailing weather conditions considerably modulate this effect.

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Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Temporal variations in microclimate cooling induced by urban trees in Mainz, Germany

Lindén

Fonti

Esper

2016

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

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“…Griffin et al (2010) and Shober et al (2010) tracked xylem water potential to determine tree establishment in a high summer rainfall climate. Here, we showed that stomatal sensitivity to root loss is amplified by high ET o (Hipps et al, 2014) on transplanted trees with higher leaf area:root ratio (Dostalek et al, 2009;Riikonen et al, 2011). Stomatal closure mediates root loss and dry to moderate xylem water tension enough that water potential is not a good measure of root establishment following transplanting in dry climates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Transplanted deciduous trees balance transpiring leaf area against root loss by reducing leaf number and size (Dostalek et al, 2009;Riikonen et al, 2011), particularly BR trees with greater root loss (Abod and Webster, 1990;Gunnel et al, 2008). Leaf area can be managed to accommodate root system reduction, again particularly for BR trees, with careful pruning to reduce water stress after transplanting (Dagit and Downer, 2002;Hipps et al, 2014;Ranney et al, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth and Water Use During Establishment of Irrigated Bare Root and Balled-Burlap Green Ash Transplanted Into A High Desert Landscape

Kjelgren

2016

horts

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We investigated growth, water relations, and water use of bare root (BR) and balled-burlapped (BB) Patmore green ash following transplanting into an irrigated landscape setting in a high desert climate. Treatments were green ash harvested as larger (40 mm caliper) BB and BR trees, and smaller BR stock (25 mm caliper). During establishment, we measured canopy growth for 3 years, and for 2 years plant water relations [predawn water potential and midday stomatal conductance (gS)] and water depletion within the root zone. All treatments expressed varying degrees of isohydric responses to root loss by reducing gS that maintained water potential nearly constant, but least so for the smaller BR trees. gS was greater than that of all larger trees, meaning that for the same cost in water potential as the larger trees, BR-Small benefitted from more open stomates and presumably greater carbon gain. Greater initial conductance apparently translated into more growth. Year 1, BR-Small trees had the least total leaf area, but by Year 3 total leaf area was not different among all treatments. Also during Year 1, the ratio of water use to local reference evapotranspiration [plant factor (PF)] was 0.36 for large BR trees vs. 0.56 for BB trees, similar to the recommended PF of 0.5 for trees in dry climates. These results suggest smaller BR trees are a cheaper alternative for high desert landscapes while reaching nearly equivalent growth to BB trees after 3 years. Achieving high growth of BR trees would need careful scheduling of irrigation amount and frequency based on leaf area, root zone size, and local reference evapotranspiration.

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“…Stand transpiration accounted for over half of the total water consumption (Chen et al, 2016), thus, management measures are necessary to suppress plant transpiration and prevent soil desiccation. Pruning can be an effective way to reduce tree water use by changing the canopy architecture and reducing canopy leaf area, leading to an improvement in the soil water replenishment rate (Shelden and Sinclair, 2000;López et al, 2008;Hipps et al, 2014;Afonso et al, 2017). However, pruning of tree canopies should be at an appropriate intensity, or it may be more effectively coupled to the atmosphere, as it increases rather than decreases transpiration (Jarvis and Mcnaughton, 1986;Wullschleger et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jackson et al (2000) found that only severe pruning of tree canopies reduced the water requirements of trees. Hipps et al (2014) also argued that canopy thinning (removal of 30% of the lateral branches) had no effect on limiting water demand, whereas canopy reduction (removal of the outer 30% of all major branches) conserved soil moisture for up to three years. A similar phenomenon was observed in our study, that is, soil water storage increased under three pruning intensities (C 1 , C 2 and C 3 ) compared to CK pruning intensity, and high (C 3 ) pruning intensity had better water conservation effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pruning intensity on soil moisture and water use efficiency in jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) plantations in the hilly Loess Plateau Region, China

Jin

Wang

et al. 2019

J. Arid Land

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Jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) is a traditional economic forest crop and is widely cultivated in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, China. However, soil desiccation was discovered in jujube plantations. Pruning is recognized as a water-saving method that can reduces soil water consumption. In this study, we monitored the jujube plots with control (CK), light (C 1), medium (C 2) and high (C 3) pruning intensities during the jujube growing period of 2012-2015 to explore the effect of pruning intensity on soil moisture and water use efficiency (WUE) of jujube plantations in the hilly Loess Plateau Region. The results showed that pruning is an effective method for soil water conservation in jujube plantations. Soil moisture increased with increasing pruning intensity during the jujube growing period of 2012-2015. C 1 , C 2 and C 3 pruning intensities increased soil water storage by 6.1-18.3, 14.4-40.0 and 24.3-63.3 mm, respectively, compared to CK pruning intensity. Pruning promoted soil moisture infiltration to deeper soil layer. Soil moisture infiltrated to soil depths of 240, 280 and >300 cm under C 3 pruning intensity, 220, 260 and 260 cm under C 2 pruning intensity, 200, 240 and 220 cm under C 1 pruning intensity, and 180, 200 and 160 cm under CK pruning intensity in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Soil water deficit was alleviated by higher pruning intensity. In 2013-2015, soil water change was positive under C 2 (6.4 mm) and C 3 (26.8 mm) pruning intensities but negative under C 1 (-20.5 mm) and CK (-40.6 mm) pruning intensities. Moreover, pruning significantly improved fresh fruit yield and WUE of jujube plants. Fresh fruit yields were highest under C 1 pruning intensity with the values of 6897.1-13,059.3 kg/hm 2 , which were 2758.4-4712.8, 385.7-1432.1 and 802.8-2331.5 kg/hm 2 higher than those under CK, C 2, and C 3 pruning intensities during the jujube growing period of 2012-2015, respectively. However, C 3 pruning intensity had the highest WUE values of 2.92-3.13 kg/m 3 , which were 1.6-2.0, 1.1-1.2 and 1.0-1.1 times greater than those under CK, C 1 and C 2 pruning intensities, respectively. Therefore, C 3 pruning intensity is recommended to jujube plantations for its economic and ecological benefits. These results provide an alternative strategy to mitigate soil desiccation in jujube plantations in the hilly Loess Plateau Region, which is critical for sustainable cultivation of economic forest trees in this region.

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Effects of two contrasting canopy manipulations on growth and water use of London plane (Platanus x acerifolia) trees

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Temporal variations in microclimate cooling induced by urban trees in Mainz, Germany

Temporal variations in microclimate cooling induced by urban trees in Mainz, Germany

Growth and Water Use During Establishment of Irrigated Bare Root and Balled-Burlap Green Ash Transplanted Into A High Desert Landscape

Effect of pruning intensity on soil moisture and water use efficiency in jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) plantations in the hilly Loess Plateau Region, China

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