Effects of Two Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers on Body Fat Mass in Overweight Humans

Malpuech-Brugère, Corinne; Venne, Wilhelmine P.H.G. Verboeket-van de; Mensink, Ronald P.; Arnal, M.; Morio, Béatrice; Brandolini, Marion; Sæbø, Asgeir; Lassel, Taous; Chardigny, Jean‐Michel; Sébédio, J. L.; Beaufrère, B.

doi:10.1038/oby.2004.68

Cited by 123 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…The present study corroborates previous ones using either the CLA mixture [2][3][4][5]7,9,10,13,14,19,[30][31][32] or either one of the two main isomers 33,34 demonstrating that fasting insulin and glucose do not change during supplementation. The CLA doses in these studies ranged from 0.6 to 6.8 g/day for time periods ranging from 5 days to 2 years in healthy, overweight or obese individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The effect of 6 months supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on insulin resistance in overweight and obese

Syvertsen¹,

Halse²,

Ho³

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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Background: Contradicting results have been published regarding the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on insulin resistance. However, only a few studies have used the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method, which is considered the standard for measuring insulin resistance. Objective: To evaluate if CLA as a mixture of the main isomers trans-10 cis-12 and cis-9 trans-11 affects the insulin resistance in healthy overweight and obese male and female adults. Design: The main study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with change in body composition as primary end point comprising 118 subjects receiving supplementation with either placebo (olive oil) or CLA (Clarinol) for 6 months. A sub-population of 49 subjects agreed additionally to participate in an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study at baseline and after 6 months of supplementation with study drug. The primary outcome was the change in glucose uptake (M) as measured by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp method. Secondary outcomes were the correlates between insulin resistance and changes in body composition or blood chemistry parameters. Forty-one subjects completed the clamp test at both time points. Results: The median M of the CLA group was 11.0 mg min À1 lean body mass (lbm) À1 (n ¼ 24) at baseline, 10.3 mg min À1 lbm À1 (n ¼ 24) after 6 months, and the median difference was þ 0.21 mg min À1 lbm À1 (n ¼ 24). The median M of placebo group was 8.4 mg min À1 lbm À1 at baseline and 9.3 mg min À1 lbm À1 after 6 months and the median difference was À0.22 mg min À1 lbm À1 (n ¼ 17). No significant (Po0.05) differences were found within groups or between groups. Likewise, the glucose uptake insulin concentration ratio during clamp (M/I) was independent of treatment and time. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index derived from fasting glucose and insulin were also independent of treatment and time, and HOMA for the clamp population (n ¼ 49) corresponded well with HOMA for the per protocol population (n ¼ 83). Correlation analysis showed that changes in M were inversely correlated to changes in glucohemoglobin (P ¼ 0.002), but did not correlate with changes in either glucose, insulin, insulin c-peptide, leptin, adiponectin or percent body fat. Conclusions: CLA does not affect glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity in a population of overweight or obese volunteers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The effect of 6 months supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on insulin resistance in overweight and obese

Syvertsen¹,

Halse²,

Ho³

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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show abstract

“…Of six recent studies including similar measures of liver function, only Gaullier et al 10,11 showed significant within-group increases in AST. [8][9][10][11]13,29 However, this increase in AST was not significantly different from the control group and was not accompanied by changes in ALT or bilirubin. 10,11 Malpuech et al 29 measured liver size by ultrasound and concluded that CLA had no effect on liver ultrastructure or morphology and no evidence of hepatic lipodystrophy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

The role of conjugated linoleic acid in reducing body fat and preventing holiday weight gain

et al. 2006

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Objective: The incidence of obesity and overweight in the US has increased considerably during the past two decades and currently affects 65% of the adult population. Research has indicated that small, yet irreversible, gains during the holiday season contribute to increases in weight during adulthood. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a naturally occurring dietary fatty acid, has been found to reduce weight gain and dramatically decrease fat mass in animals. Although research in humans has shown inconsistent results, most studies have been of insufficient duration or have utilized body composition methods that are less accurate than the currently accepted criterion. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 3.2 g/day CLA for 6 months. Subjects: Forty healthy, overweight subjects (age: 18-44 years; body mass index: 25-30 kg/m 2 ). Measurements: Body composition by the four-compartment model, resting metabolic rate (RMR) by indirect calorimetry, selfreported physical activity and dietary intake, and blood chemistries were determined at baseline and after 6 months. Body weight was measured monthly during the pre-holiday season (August-October), holiday season (November-December) and post-holiday season (January-March). Adverse events were assessed monthly. Results: Compared to CLA, the placebo group showed a greater rate of weight gain during the holiday season (P ¼ 0.01). Within the placebo group, holiday weight change was significantly greater compared to the pre-holiday period (August-October) (P ¼ 0.03). Six-month change in body composition was improved with CLA compared to placebo (P ¼ 0.02), and body fat was significantly reduced within the CLA group (À1.072.2 kg, P ¼ 0.05). CLA had no effect on RMR, physical activity or dietary intake. The rate of reported negative emotions decreased significantly with CLA, although there was no difference in any other category of adverse event. In comparison to the placebo, CLA did not affect insulin resistance, blood lipids and markers of liver function or markers of inflammation, with the exception of a significant decrease in a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction. Conclusion: CLA supplementation among overweight adults significantly reduced body fat over 6 months and prevented weight gain during the holiday season. Although no adverse effects were seen, additional studies should evaluate the effect of prolonged use of CLA.

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“…In fact, the DXA method has been frequently used in development of functional foods or drugs. [24][25][26] Our previous data indicated that the sum of body fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral density measured by DXA was highly correlated with the body weight measured on a scale suggesting that the DXA method is applicable to measure these three components of the body. We therefore used DXA to investigate which of these three components contributed to the reduction of body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Licorice Flavonoid Oil Effects Body Weight Loss by Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Overweight Subjects

Tominaga

Mae

Kitano

et al. 2006

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) is a new dietary ingredient for functional foods consisting of licorice hydrophobic polyphenols in medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). In an effective dose finding study conducted previously, LFO has exhibited a dose-dependent body fat-reducing effect. Here we report the weight-reducing effect of LFO in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, long-term (12 weeks) ingestion study at 300 mg/day, the minimal effective dose observed in the dose finding study. A total of 103 overweight subjects [body mass index (BMI): 24-30] completed this study and were analyzed. Body weight increased in the placebo group, but was maintained at close to preingestion level in the LFO group, resulting in significant (p < 0.05) differences in the changes in body weight and BMI between the LFO group and the placebo group at each time-point. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of body fat indicated that the weight-reducing effect was attributable to reduced body fat. No clinically significant adverse events occurred during the 12-week ingestion period. To confirm the safety of LFO for practical use we also conducted a placebo-controlled, double-blind safety study in 40 overweight subjects with a 4-week excessive ingestion at 1800 mg/day; 6 times the dose of the 300 mg/day study that exhibited a weight-reducing effect. No clinically significant adverse events occurred during the 4-week ingestion period. Based on these findings in both human studies it was shown that LFO is a safe ingredient for functional foods even for long-term or excessive ingestion, with a potential weight-reducing effect.

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Effects of Two Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers on Body Fat Mass in Overweight Humans

Abstract: MALPUECH-BRUGÈ RE, CORINNE, WILHELMINE

Cited by 123 publications

References 27 publications

The effect of 6 months supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on insulin resistance in overweight and obese

The effect of 6 months supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on insulin resistance in overweight and obese

The role of conjugated linoleic acid in reducing body fat and preventing holiday weight gain

Licorice Flavonoid Oil Effects Body Weight Loss by Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Overweight Subjects

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