Effects of tulathromycin on incidence of various diseases and growth of young heifers

Stanton, Amy; Kelton, D.F.; LeBlanc, S.J.; Wormuth, J.; Fox, Lawrence K.; Leslie, K.E.

doi:10.2460/javma.243.2.267

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…That might be due to the computed dose was computed with a MIC 90 corresponding to a worst case scenario and the dose would be lower to base upon the P. multocida MIC distribution using a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). However, in the framework of the prudent use of antimicrobial, the dose for a bacteriostatic effect that could be enough in most instances for long-acting antimicrobial metaphylaxis, which associated with a significant reduction in disease incidence (Stanton et al, 2013; Teixeira et al, 2017; Toutain et al, 2017). Hence, we also computed the doses for the bacteriostatic effect of P. multocida were 6.39, 3.32, and 4.65 mg/kg using serum, transudate and exsudate PK/PD breakpoints, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tulathromycin against Pasteurella multocida in a Porcine Tissue Cage Model

et al. 2017

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Tulathromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, is used for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle and swine. The aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro and ex vivo activities of tulathromycin in serum, (non-inflamed) transudate, and (inflamed) exudate against Pasteurella multocida in piglets. The pharmacokinetics properties of tulathromycin were studied for serum, transudate, and exudate using a tissue cage model. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of P. multocida and dynamic time-kill curve experiments over eight tulathromycin concentrations were determined. The ratio of 24-h area under the concentration–time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration [AUC(0-24 h)/MIC] was recognized as an important pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameter of tulathromycin for antibacterial efficiency (R2 = 0.9969). In serum ex vivo, for bacteriostatic, bactericidal activity, and virtual bacterial eradication AUC(0-24 h)/MIC values for tulathromycin were 44.55, 73.19, and 92.44 h by using sigmoid Emax model WinNonlin software, respectively, and lower values were obtained for exudate and transudate. In conjunction with the data on MIC90, the dose of tulathromycin for a bacteriostatic effect and virtual elimination of P. multocida as computed using the value of the PK/PD breakpoint obtained in serum were 6.39 and 13.25 mg/kg. However, it would be preferable to calculate a dose combined with population pharmacokinetics data to optimize the dosage regimen for bacteriological and clinical cure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tulathromycin against Pasteurella multocida in a Porcine Tissue Cage Model

et al. 2017

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“…If the dam produced colostrum of insufficient quality or quantity, frozen colostrum of sufficient quality was thawed and fed to the calf. On the first day of life, each calf was given a 1-mL subcutaneous injection of selenium and vitamin E supplement (Dystosel; Pfizer Animal Health, Kirkland, QC, Canada) and a 1-mL subcutaneous injection of tildipirosin solution (Zuprevo; Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ) as a preventative measure to reduce incidence of illness (Stanton et al, 2013). At the first milk feeding after colostrum and for the next 6 d, each calf was given 8 mL of halofuginone lactate by oral applicator (Halocur; Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ) immediately following the morning feeding to reduce morbidity from cryptosporidiosis (Trotz- Williams et al, 2011).…”

Section: Animals and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weaning age affects growth, feed intake, gastrointestinal development, and behavior in Holstein calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning stage

Eckert

Brown

Leslie

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

145

150

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Recent research has revealed potential advantages of feeding an elevated plane of nutrition to calves during the preweaning period. However, calves fed more nutrients preweaning may be more susceptible to depressed growth and weaning stress during the transition from liquid to solid feed. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the age of weaning and feed intake, and its influence on growth, gastrointestinal development, and behavioral indicators in dairy calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning period. To meet this objective, 20 female Holstein calves were randomly assigned at birth to be weaned at 6 or 8 wk. Milk replacer (mixed at 150 g/L) was offered at 1.2 kg/calf per day in 2 meals until a 1-wk step-down, when meals were reduced by 50% 1 wk before weaning. Daily starter, chopped oat straw, water intake, and weekly body weights were measured until d 70 of life. To assess digestive tract development, rumen fluid, fecal, and blood samples were taken before and after weaning (d 35, 49, and 63) and analyzed for ruminal short-chain fatty acids, blood β-hydroxybutyrate, and fecal starch, respectively. Behavioral indicators of weaning stress, including vocalizing and non-nutritive oral behavior, were measured by visual observation for 1 h, 3 times per week, before the second feeding of the day during the period from 2 wk before weaning to 2 wk after weaning. The calves weaned at 8 wk compared with 6 wk had higher average daily gain for the week preweaning (0.79±0.09 vs. 0.34±0.10 kg/d) and postweaning (1.05±0.09 vs. 0.35±0.11 kg/d), and were heavier at d 70 (99.9±1.81 vs. 91.0±2.26 kg). From 5 to 8 wk of age, starter and water intakes were lower in calves weaned at 8 wk of age. However, overall starter intake did not differ during the last week of the experiment. Furthermore, calves weaned at 8 wk compared with 6 wk had higher starter intake for 1 wk preweaning (1.36±0.13 vs. 0.40±0.08 kg/d) and postweaning (2.51±0.20 vs. 1.16±0.15 kg/d). In both treatments, weaning increased ruminal short-chain fatty acids, blood β-hydroxybutyrate, and fecal starch, yet the differences between the week before and after weaning were greater for calves weaned at 6 wk compared with those weaned at 8 wk. Treatment × week relative to weaning interactions indicated that several behaviors varied between early- and later-weaned calves during the week before weaning; calves weaned at 6 wk tended to exhibit 75% more non-nutritive oral behavior and spent 55% less time ruminating, and 36% less time lying compared with calves weaned at 8 wk. Under the conditions of this study, the results suggest that calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition preweaning have higher starter intakes and average daily gain during the weaning period when weaning is extended from 6 to 8 wk of age.

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“…Draxxin (100 mg/mL tulathromycin; Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ) is approved for control of BRD in beef cattle, nonlactating dairy cattle (including dairy calves), and veal calves at high risk of developing BRD associated with Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis. Although government agencies encourage less use of antibiotics in livestock (Weese et al, 2015), the metaphylactic use of tulathromycin in commingled dairy calves has been reported to lower the incidence of diarrhea, otitis media, and BRD and improve growth (Stanton et al, 2010(Stanton et al, , 2012(Stanton et al, , 2013 and suggested to possibly reduce antibiotic resistance (Weese, 2006). In calves over 2 mo of age and metaphylactically treated with TUL at approximately 3 d of age, TUL increased ADG and reduced the incidence of diarrhea and otitis media (Stanton et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although government agencies encourage less use of antibiotics in livestock (Weese et al, 2015), the metaphylactic use of tulathromycin in commingled dairy calves has been reported to lower the incidence of diarrhea, otitis media, and BRD and improve growth (Stanton et al, 2010(Stanton et al, , 2012(Stanton et al, , 2013 and suggested to possibly reduce antibiotic resistance (Weese, 2006). In calves over 2 mo of age and metaphylactically treated with TUL at approximately 3 d of age, TUL increased ADG and reduced the incidence of diarrhea and otitis media (Stanton et al, 2013). In calves metaphylactically treated with TUL versus oxytetracycline at approximately 2 mo of age, ADG and withers height change were increased to approximately 3.2 mo of age in calves that had not been treated for disease, and the incidence of respiratory infection was reduced (Stanton et al, 2010(Stanton et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Study: Control of bovine respiratory disease in dairy calves with tulathromycin and effect on calf health and performance from 0 to 4 months of age

Hill¹,

Quigley²,

Suarez-Mena³

et al. 2017

The Professional Animal Scientist

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In phase 1, 96 male Holstein calves at risk for bovine respiratory disease initially 2 to 4 d of age from a single dairy farm were transported 3.5 h to southwest Ohio. Calves were randomly assigned to receive a s.c. injection of Draxxin (2.5 mg of tulathromycin/kg of BW; Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ; TUL) at arrival (d −1) and again at weaning (d 42) or receive no injections (CON). Milk replacer was fed at 0.66 kg of DM daily for 39 d and then 0.33 kg of DM daily for 3 d. A high-grain, textured starter and water were fed free choice for the first 56-d phase.In phase 2, the same calves from phase 1 were grouped by CON and TUL and moved to group pens (4 pens per treatment; 4 calves per pen) for the next 56 d. The same starter from phase 1 was blended with 5% chopped grass hay and fed free choice. In phase 1, postweaning starter intake and BW gain, overall BW gain, and final BW were greater for TUL than CON. Medical treatments did not differ. During phase 2, DMI (% of BW) was greater for CON than TUL. Calf BW gain, final BW, feed efficiency, and hip width change were greater for TUL than CON. Over the 112 d of both phases, TUL calves gained 9.0 kg (9%) more BW (106.4 vs. 97.4 kg) and 0.8 cm (8%) more hip width (10 vs. 9.2 cm) than CON calves, but TUL did not improve calf health.

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Effects of tulathromycin on incidence of various diseases and growth of young heifers

Abstract: Tulathromycin-treated calves in this study had a lower incidence of diarrhea and otitis media versus control calves. Various diseases had negative effects on average daily gain. Mycoplasma bovis status was not associated with otitis media in calves.

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tulathromycin against Pasteurella multocida in a Porcine Tissue Cage Model

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tulathromycin against Pasteurella multocida in a Porcine Tissue Cage Model

Weaning age affects growth, feed intake, gastrointestinal development, and behavior in Holstein calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning stage

Case Study: Control of bovine respiratory disease in dairy calves with tulathromycin and effect on calf health and performance from 0 to 4 months of age

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