Effects of trials per session on conditioning of the rabbit’s nictitating membrane response

Kehoe, E. James; Gormezano, I.

doi:10.3758/bf03336746

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In Experiment 1, retarded CR acquisition occurred with multiple sessions, but not with a single session of US preexposures. This observation parallels the observation that discrete cue conditioning is superior when a fixed number of trials are distributed over sessions of conditioning relative to their occurrence in a single session (Kehoe & Gormezano, 1974;Leventhal, 1973). In Experiment 2, retarded CR acquisition was relatively insensitive to the number of US preexposures presented within each session.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…In Experiment 2, retarded CR acquisition was relatively insensitive to the number of US preexposures presented within each session. Again, the results paralleled discrete cue conditioning results in which limited improvement in CR performance is observed with large increments in the number of paired trials per session (Kehoe & Gormezano, 1974). With both the US preexposure and discrete cue phenomena, the insensitivity appears after some critical value of trials per session is exceeded.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

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Retardation of rabbit nictitating membrane conditioning following US preexposures depends on the distribution and number of US presentations

Saladin

Have

Saper

et al. 1989

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Retardation of rabbit nictitating membrane conditioning following US preexposures depends on the distribution and number of US presentations

Saladin

Have

Saper

et al. 1989

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…It may be important that we delivered all 200 trials within one session of training. Trial spacing is a critical factor in learning because acquisition is generally more efficient if trials are spaced apart rather than massed together (Kehoe and Gormezano, 1974;Rescorla, 1988). Trial spacing is particularly important during trace conditioning because the trace interval typically consists of the same context as that during the intertrial interval (Balsam, 1984;Shors, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Enhances the Survival of New Neurons beyond the Time when the Hippocampus Is Required for Memory

Leuner¹,

et al. 2004

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Trace memories are formed when a stimulus event becomes associated with another event that occurs later in time and is discontinuous with the first event. The formation of trace memories enhances the survival of newly generated neurons in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus (Gould et al., 1999a). Here we tested whether the acquisition of trace memories early during training is sufficient to enhance cell survival. We also examined whether the new neurons affected by trace memory formation persist indefinitely or only as long as the hippocampus is necessary for the expression of those memories. Groups of adult rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a marker of dividing cells, and trained 1 week later with paired stimuli using a trace eyeblink conditioning task or exposed to the same number of unpaired stimuli. Cell survival was assessed after different numbers of training trials and survival periods after training. Overall cell survival was not enhanced by exposure to 200 trials of paired stimuli during trace conditioning. However, there was a positive correlation between performance of individual animals and cell survival. In addition, exposure to 800 trials of paired stimuli during trace conditioning increased the number of BrdU-labeled cells 60 d after training. The vast majority of these cells were neurons and coexpressed the neuronal markers class III ␤-tubulin or neuronal nuclei. These data suggest that individual differences in associative learning predict whether new neurons will survive and that once affected, these neurons remain for months and beyond the time when they are required for the retention of trace memories.

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“…Both have affected acquisition rates in nictitating membrane͞eyeblink conditioning (34)(35)(36). Therefore, to rule out the possibility of these two factors contributing to any observed learning rate differences between the experimental groups, two groups of yoked control animals were run (n ϭ 5 per group).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillatory brain states and learning: Impact of hippocampal theta-contingent training

Seager

Johnson

Chabot

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

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Eyeblink classical conditioning is a relatively simple form of associative learning that has become an invaluable tool in our understanding of the neural mechanisms of learning. When studying rabbits in this paradigm, we observed a dramatic modification of learning rate by conducting training during episodes of either hippocampal theta or hippocampal non-theta activity as determined by on-line slow-wave spectral analysis. Specifically, if animals were given trials only when a computer analysis verified a predominance of slow-wave oscillations at theta frequencies (3-8 Hz), they learned in half as many trials as animals trained during non-theta hippocampal activity (58 vs. 115). This finding provides important evidence from awake, behaving animals that supports recent advances in our knowledge of (i) brain sites and neurobiological mechanisms of learning and memory, specifically hippocampus and theta oscillations, (ii) the biological plausibility of current models of hippocampal function that posit important roles for oscillatory potentials, and (iii) the design of interfaces between biological and cybernetic (electronic) systems that can optimize cognitive processes and performance.

show abstract

Effects of trials per session on conditioning of the rabbit’s nictitating membrane response

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Retardation of rabbit nictitating membrane conditioning following US preexposures depends on the distribution and number of US presentations

Retardation of rabbit nictitating membrane conditioning following US preexposures depends on the distribution and number of US presentations

Learning Enhances the Survival of New Neurons beyond the Time when the Hippocampus Is Required for Memory

Oscillatory brain states and learning: Impact of hippocampal theta-contingent training

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