Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on soil properties and lettuce yield

Cultivation of sunflower irrigated with domestic sewage treated in Quartzarenic Neosol

“…This occurred due to the nutrient input from these water sources (Table 2). Similar effects were observed in other studies, such as in the studies of Azevedo et al (2013), Bourazanis et al (2016), Urbano et al (2017). However, even with this elevation of EC, the soils did not reach saline character, since EC was <4 dSm -1 , (Richards, 1954).…”

“…With the increase of the Na + level in the soil, there is a tendency to increase the ESP and deterioration of the physical properties, specifically the clay dispersion in which it can de-structure the soil from the breakage of the aggregates causing the pores blocking, and consequently the reduction of the permeability from the soil. This process, which occurs continuously, can negatively affect the hydraulic conductivity of the soil, damaging the growth of the plants, reducing leaching, leading to salinization (Varallo et al, 2012;Urbano et al, 2017).…”

“…Studies highlight this element due to the increments in the exchangeable and soluble contents as well as in the values of the sodium adsorption ratio directly reflecting the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (Azevedo et al, 2013;Aragüés et al, 2014;Urbano et al, 2017). However, these effects may vary mainly due to the characteristics of the wastewater used, the soil type (Bichai et al, 2012;Bourazanis et al, 2016) and the nutrient extraction capacity of the crop.…”

In Situ Monitoring of a Controlled Release of Fertilizers in Lettuce Crop

“…However, lettuce plants were healthy and had no nutritional deficiency. Sandri et al (2006) and Urbano et al (2017) describe the nutritional imbalance of macronutrients in lettuce leaves, but in none of the treatments performed by the authors were symptoms of toxicity or nutrient deficiency observed.…”

Short term effects of treated greywater by high rate algal ponds process on vegetable yield and soil properties under Sudano‐Sahelian climate conditions

“…However, given diminishing freshwater resources, the use of potable water for irrigation is not sustainable, particularly in semi‐arid and arid regions. Thus, wastewater reuse in agriculture is becoming increasingly necessary in regions where water resources are scarce and water supply systems are fragile . More than 44 countries reuse a total of over 15 million m 3 .day −1 of reclaimed water for irrigation purposes .…”