Effects of treadmill training on microvascular remodeling in the rat after spinal cord injury

Kissane, Roger W. P.; Wright, Oliver; Al'Joboori, Yazi D.; Marczak, P; Ichiyama, Ronaldo M.; Egginton, Stuart

doi:10.1002/mus.26379

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Emerging evidence indicates that exercise therapy can promote recovery after SCI [30][31][32][33]. It is well known that normal exercise training cannot be carried out in rats after SCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in rats by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury

Ying

Xie

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is mainly determined by the junction complex between adjacent endothelial cells, including tight junctions (TJ) and adhesion junctions (AJ), which can be severely damaged after spinal cord injury (SCI). Exercise training is a recognized method for the treatment of SCI. The destruction of the BSCB mediated by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) leads to inflammation, neurotoxin production, and apoptosis of neurons. The failure of effective regeneration of new blood vessels is also an important reason for delayed recovery after SCI. We introduced water treadmill training (TT) for the first time, which can help SCI rats successfully exercise and measured the effect of TT in promoting recovery after SCI and possible mechanisms involved.Methods: Sprague-Dawley (200–250g) rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham operated, SCI, and SCI + TT. Animals were sacrificed 7 d or 14 d post-surgery. The degree of neurological deficit as assessed by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan motor rating scale, tissue water content, BSCB permeability, apoptosis, protein expression and ultrastructure of vascular endothelial cells were assessed, Western blot, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Our experiments showed that TT reduced the permeability of BSCB and decreased tissue structural damage. TT improved functional recovery significantly when compared with the SCI group; TJ and AJ proteins expression increased significantly after TT training and training reduced apoptosis induced by SCI. TT can promote angiogenesis and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was significantly inhibited by TT.Conclusions: In this study, the results indicate that TT promotes functional recovery for the following reasons: (1) TT protects residual BSCB structure from further damage; (2) it promotes vascular regeneration; and (3) it inhibits the expression of MMP-2/9 to mitigate BSCB damage.

show abstract

“…Emerging evidence indicates that exercise therapy can promote recovery after SCI [30][31][32][33]. It is well known that normal exercise training cannot be carried out in rats after SCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in rats by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury

Ying

Xie

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Emerging evidence indicates that exercise therapy can promote recovery after SCI [24][25][26][27]. It is well known that normal exercise training cannot be carried out in rats after SCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater-treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting MMP-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury

Ying¹,

Xie²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) can be seriously damaged after SCI and is considered to be a therapeutic target. Exercise training is a recognized method for the treatment of SCI. The destruction of the BSCB mediated by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) leads to inflammation, neurotoxin production, and apoptosis of neurons. The failure of effective regeneration of new blood vessels is also an important reason for the difficulty of recovery after SCI. We introduced underwater-treadmill training (TT) for the first time, which can help SCI rats successfully exercise, and we explored the role of TT in promoting the ability to exercise after SCI and its possible mechanism. Methods SCI models were established and randomly divided into three groups. Rats underwent TT after SCI. The degree of neurological deficit, water content, BSCB permeability, protein expression and ultrastructure of vascular endothelial cells were assessed by the BBB motor rating scale, haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Evans blue (EB) staining, Western blot (WB) experiments, and immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Our experiments show that TT reduces the permeability of BSCB and decreased tissue structure damage and improved functional recovery after SCI; TT prevent the loss of TJ and AJ protein; TT promotes angiogenesis and inhibits the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 after SCI. Conclusions In this study, the results indicate that TT promotes functional recovery partly for the following reasons: (1) TT protects residual BSCB structure from further damage; (2) it promotes vascular regeneration; and (3) it inhibits the expression of MMP-2/9 to mitigate BSCB damage.

show abstract

“…Emerging evidence indicates that exercise therapy can promote recovery after SCI [31][32][33][34]. It is well known that normal exercise training cannot be carried out in rats after SCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting MMP-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury

Ying

Xie

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is mainly determined by the junction complex of adjacent endothelial cells, including tight junction (TJ) and adhesion junction (AJ), which can be severely damaged after spinal cord injury (SCI). Exercise training is a recognized method for the treatment of SCI. The destruction of the BSCB mediated by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) leads to inflammation, neurotoxin production, and apoptosis of neurons. The failure of effective regeneration of new blood vessels is also an important reason for the difficulty of recovery after SCI. We introduced water treadmill training (TT) for the first time, which can help SCI rats successfully exercise, and we explored the role of TT in promoting the ability to exercise after SCI and its possible mechanism.Methods: Sprague-Dawley (200–250g) rats were randomly divided into three groups. SCI models were established and rats underwent TT after SCI. Animals were sacrificed 7 d or 14 d post-surgery. The degree of neurological deficit, water content, BSCB permeability, apoptosis, protein expression and ultrastructure of vascular endothelial cells (EC) were assessed by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) motor rating scale, haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Evans blue (EB) staining, TUNEL staining, Western blot (WB) experiments, and immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Our experiments show that TT reduces the permeability of BSCB and decreased tissue structure damage. TT improved functional recovery and it has significant significance when compared with the M group after SCI; TJ and AJ proteins increased significantly after TT training in SCI rats. TT training reduced apoptosis induced by SCI. TT can promote angiogenesis and the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly inhabited by TT after SCI.Conclusions: In this study, the results indicate that TT promotes functional recovery partly for the following reasons: (1) TT protects residual BSCB structure from further damage; (2) it promotes vascular regeneration; and (3) it inhibits the expression of MMP-2/9 to mitigate BSCB damage.

show abstract

Effects of treadmill training on microvascular remodeling in the rat after spinal cord injury

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Water treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in rats by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury

Water treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in rats by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury

Underwater-treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting MMP-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury

Water treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting MMP-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About