Effects of Trap, and Ethanol Lure Type and Age on Attraction of Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Monterrosa, Alejandra; Acebes, Angelita L; Blaauw, Brett R.; Joseph, Shimat V.

doi:10.1093/jee/toab089

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are fungus-farming insects that burrow into host tissues for cultivating fungal mutualists on which the larvae and adults must feed [1]. Infestations can lead to branch dieback and the death of trees growing in ornamental nurseries and tree fruit and nut orchards [1][2][3][4]. Ambrosia beetles are recognized among the most successful biological invaders; in particular, 30 exotic species in the tribe Xyleborini are established in North America [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Reference Genes in Selected Tissues of the Ambrosia Beetle Xylosandrus germanus

Patwa

Ranger

Lehenberger

et al. 2021

Insects

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The fungus-farming ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) uses a pouch-like structure (i.e., mycangium) to transport spores of its nutritional fungal mutualist. Our current study sought to identify reference genes necessary for future transcriptome analyses aimed at characterizing gene expression within the mycangium. Complementary DNA was synthesized using selected tissue types from laboratory-reared and field-collected X. germanus consisting of the whole body, head + thorax, deflated or inflated mycangium + scutellum, inflated mycangium, and thorax + abdomen. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR reactions were performed using primers for 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA), arginine kinase (AK), carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2-aspartate transcarbamylase-dihydroorotase (CAD), mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1), and elongation factor-1α (EF1α). Reference gene stability was analyzed using GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and a comprehensive final ranking by RefFinder. The gene CO1 was identified as the primary reference gene since it was generally ranked in first or second position among the tissue types containing the mycangium. Reference gene AK was identified as a secondary reference gene. In contrast, EF1α was generally ranked in the last or penultimate place. Identification of two stable reference genes will aid in normalizing the expression of target genes for subsequent gene expression studies of X. germanus’ mycangium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Reference Genes in Selected Tissues of the Ambrosia Beetle Xylosandrus germanus

Patwa

Ranger

Lehenberger

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…More importantly, nursery and field applications should be strictly timed with the beetle seasonal flight activity, which differs according to local climatic conditions 25 . Consequently, monitoring beetle populations by means of ethanol‐baited traps or ethanol‐soaked bolts represents a crucial step for the success of chemical control of this species 52,59–62 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bioinsecticides toward the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus

Gugliuzzo

Giuliano

Rizzo

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Exotic ambrosia beetles are emerging widespread pests of several wild and managed trees and shrubs. Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) is one of the most invasive species causing damage to a broad range of host plants. Little information is available on its control, including the impact of insecticides. Bioassays were conducted to evaluate the potential of four bioinsecticides and seven synthetic insecticides in controlling X. compactus. Beetle mortality and sublethal effects on tunneling, cultivation of the mutualist fungus and reproduction were assessed.RESULTS: Concentration-mortality curves were determined for all tested insecticides. Lambda-cyhalothrin was the most toxic insecticide, showing the lowest estimated 90% and 50% lethal concentrations (LC 90 and LC 50 ), followed by deltamethrin and thiamethoxam. Acetamiprid caused the highest levels of mortality and brood size reduction under extended laboratory conditions. Moreover, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin caused the greatest mortality and, together with deltamethrin, strongly affected progeny occurrence inside infested galleries and beetle brood size. Among the bioinsecticides, pyrethrins significantly affected beetle survival under laboratory conditions, but not brood size in extended laboratory bioassays. Some of the tested insecticides had significant lethal and sublethal effects only when beetles were exposed to fresher residues, highlighting differences in toxicity persistence.CONCLUSION: This study provides first baseline toxicity data for synthetic insecticides and bioinsecticides with different modes of action and origin toward X. compactus, and the first evidence that several insecticides can cause multiple sublethal effects on this pest. These findings can help in building suitable integrated pest management packages against this pest.

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“…In addition to the traps described above, collection of ambrosia beetles was also attempted with log sections of European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and sweet chestnut ca. 50 cm long, 5-10 cm diameter, baited with 70% ethanol and suspended alongside tree stems at a height of 1.5-2.0 m, as described by Monterrosa et al (2021). These were installed at study sites ( 1)-( 6) in Ticino (Table 1) from 16 April to 26 August 2022.…”

Section: Study Sites Of a Maiche In Cantons Ticino And Grisons And De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of the invasiveAnisandrus maiche(Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in Switzerland, first record in Europe of its ambrosia fungusAmbrosiella cleistominuta, and its new association withXylosandrus crassiusculus

Ribeiro-Correia

Prospero

Beenken

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In 2022, two independent insect surveys in canton Ticino (southern Switzerland) revealed the widespread occurrence of the invasive ambrosia beetle Anisandrus maiche from southern to central-upper Ticino. This species is native to east Asia and has previously been found as a non-native invasive species in the United States, Canada, western Russia, Ukraine and, in 2021, in northern Italy. Here, we present the results of several trapping studies using different trap types (bottle traps, funnel traps and Polytrap intercept traps) and attractants and a map of the distribution of the species. In total, 685 specimens of A. maiche, all female, were trapped, and the identity of selected individuals was confirmed by morphological and molecular identification based on three mitochondrial and nuclear markers (COI, 28S and CAD). Traps checked from early April to early September 2022 in intervals of two to four weeks showed that flights of A. maiche occurred mainly from June to mid-August. Isolation of fungal associates of A. maiche from beetles trapped alive revealed the presence of four fungal species, including the ambrosia fungus Ambrosiella cleistominuta, the known mutualists of A. maiche. The identity of A. cleistominuta was confirmed by comparing DNA sequences of its nuclear, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene with reference sequences in NCBI and BOLDSYSTEMS. This represents the first record of A. cleistominuta in Europe. Ambrosiella cleistominuta was also found in association with another non-native invasive ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, at a botanic garden in central Ticino. As ambrosia beetles usually show a high degree of fidelity with only one mutualistic fungus (in the case of X. crassiusculus normally Ambrosiella roeperi), this association is highly unusual and probably the result of lateral transfer among these non-native invasive species. Of the other fungal associates isolated from A. maiche in Ticino, Fusarium lateritium is of note as there is a possibility that A. maiche could act as a vector of this plant pathogen. We highlight several research needs that should be addressed to gain insight into the potential impact of these non-native species and to overcome problems with heteroplasmy in COI sequences in studies of invasion and population genetics of ambrosia beetles.

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Effects of Trap, and Ethanol Lure Type and Age on Attraction of Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Reference Genes in Selected Tissues of the Ambrosia Beetle Xylosandrus germanus

Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Reference Genes in Selected Tissues of the Ambrosia Beetle Xylosandrus germanus

Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bioinsecticides toward the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus

Distribution of the invasiveAnisandrus maiche(Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in Switzerland, first record in Europe of its ambrosia fungusAmbrosiella cleistominuta, and its new association withXylosandrus crassiusculus

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