Effects of transverse fire locations on flame length and temperature distribution in a bifurcated tunnel fire

Li, Zhisheng; Gao, Yunji; Li, Xiaosong; Mao, Pengfei; Zhang, Yuchun; Jin, Kaiyan; Li, Tao

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2021.103893

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Moreover, when the HRR is 31.9 kW, the flame impinges on the ceiling, which is similar to that for 23.9 kW and 39.9 kW fire source. This experimental observation is basically similar to that in previous work by Li et al [27].…”

Section: Fire Plume Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Li et al [26] numerically and experimentally studied the smoke movement characteristics in the connected area of branched tunnel and proposed a revised model for the maximum temperature rise. Li et al [27] investigated the transverse fire location effects on flame length and temperature distribution in a bifurcated tunnel fire. However, there are relatively few reported researches on smoke temperature distribution beneath the ceiling in a branched tunnel fire, although it is arguably of more practical importance.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A square gas burner with a dimension of 0.2 m composed by steel plates is used as the fire source, which is filled with the unified sand to ensure a well-distributed gas through the burner. In this experiment, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), as a typical experimental fuel [1,25,27], is applied as burning fuel. The heat release rate (HRR) is determined by the gas flow rate, which is controlled by the applied gas flow rate meter.…”

Section: Model Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interval distances of these thermocouples are 0.1 m and 0.25 m, respectively. Before each fire test, all the thermocouples were calibrated in boiling water to make sure the accuracy of the data [27,30]. Moreover, the flame behaviors are recorded by a digital video, which is set at the left side of the main tunnel.…”

Section: Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gao et al [31] conducted fire experiments in tunnel using propane as fuel, and pointed out a critical value (700 K) to estimate the transition from intermittent flame impingement to continuous flame impingement and an approximation of 400 K to determine the flame impinging on the ceiling. Li et al [27] proposed a critical parameter of 620 °C to describe the boundary between intermittent flame impingement to continuous flame impingement for LPG. It is noted that the temperature under the ceiling varies between 200 and 620 °C within 0.5 m of the fire source, except for the location above the fire source.…”

Section: Thermal Smoke Temperature Distribution In the Main Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Effects of Fire Location on the Smoke Temperature Distribution in a Branched Tunnel

Luo

Gao

et al. 2021

Fire Technol

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Most previous work concentrated on the thermal smoke temperature distribution in traditional single tunnel fires. However, few investigations have studied the effects of branch tunnel and longitudinal fire source location on thermal smoke temperature beneath the ceiling. In this paper, a series of experiments were performed in a 1:10 reduced scale branched tunnel to investigate the longitudinal fire location effects on the thermal smoke temperature distribution beneath the ceiling. Thirteen longitudinal fire locations and three heat release rates were considered. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: The thermal smoke temperature near the fire source is obviously different for various longitudinal fire locations, while the temperature in the area far from the fire source is basically the same. The dimensionless longitudinal thermal smoke temperature beyond 0.75 m downstream from the fire source in the main tunnel is not obviously affected by the longitudinal fire location, which can be well predicted by Li's model. However, the attenuation coefficient is obviously larger than that in traditional single tunnel due to the existence of branch tunnel. Moreover, when the fire source moves away from the intersection region to upstream or downstream, the thermal smoke temperature in the branch tunnel shows a decrease. A modified model is proposed to describe the longitudinal temperature decay in branch tunnel taking the longitudinal fire location into account, which is reasonably well fitting with experimental results. The results in this paper are essential for better understanding of thermal smoke temperature in branched tunnel and providing references for fire safety design of branched tunnels.

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Section: Fire Plume Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Smoke Temperature Distribution In the Main Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Effects of Fire Location on the Smoke Temperature Distribution in a Branched Tunnel

Luo

Gao

et al. 2021

Fire Technol

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Study on the smoke evolution mechanism of a subway tunnel with a multi‐door carriage fire under longitudinal ventilation

Wu,

Peng,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Fire and Materials

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This paper has analyzed the longitudinal ventilation on the effect of the efficiency of the smoke evolution mechanism in a metro tunnel of multi‐window carriage fires. These were simulated by Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). In the past, analyses of smoke temperature under the tunnel ceiling and smoke overflow characteristics have been conducted. However, longitudinal ventilation has a different impact on temperature than natural ventilation, especially in a subway tunnel with a multi‐door carriage fire. Consequently, several simulations were run in a subway tunnel (360‐m long, 6.0‐m wide, and 4.8‐m high). The longitudinal ventilation velocity is set by 0–10 m/s with the heat release rate of 1–10 MW. The results show that there is a linear relationship between the maximum temperature and the longitudinal ventilation velocity. An empirical model considering various longitudinal ventilation velocities was developed to predict the maximum smoke temperature underneath the subway tunnel ceiling. The effects of the longitudinal ventilation velocity, the heat release rate, and the distance of the fire source on the characteristics of longitudinal temperature distribution were analyzed. What's more, smoke overflow characteristics under different longitudinal ventilation velocities have been described. The findings and results can also provide a reference for the fire risk assessment of a metro tunnel of multi‐window carriage fires.

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Study on the Influence of the Curvature Radius of the Branch on Fire Temperature Characteristics in Bifurcated Curve Tunnel

Liu,

Chen,

Lan

et al. 2023

Computational and Experimental Simulations in Engineering

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Effects of transverse fire locations on flame length and temperature distribution in a bifurcated tunnel fire

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Effects of Fire Location on the Smoke Temperature Distribution in a Branched Tunnel

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Effects of Fire Location on the Smoke Temperature Distribution in a Branched Tunnel

Study on the smoke evolution mechanism of a subway tunnel with a multi‐door carriage fire under longitudinal ventilation

Study on the Influence of the Curvature Radius of the Branch on Fire Temperature Characteristics in Bifurcated Curve Tunnel

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