Effects of Transitioning to Medicare Part D on Access to Drugs for Medical Conditions among Dual Enrollees with Cancer

Adams, Alyce S.; Madden, Jeanne M.; Zhang, Fang; Lu, Christine Y.; Ross‐Degnan, Dennis; Lee, Angelina; Soumerai, Stephen B.; Gilden, Daniel; Chawla, Neetu; Griggs, Jennifer J.

doi:10.1016/j.jval.2017.05.023

Cited by 1 publication

(27 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The remaining 7 studies evaluated financial incentive programs for improving quality such as the pay-for-performance (P4P) model, financial incentives paid to physicians and/or patients, Medicaid Incentives for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, and innovative payment models including the Accountable Care Organization (ACO), patient-centered medical home, and the Million Hearts Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Reduction Model programs . The policies were implemented at different levels: nationwide (n = 17), state-specific (n = 10), or within specific health care settings (n = 4) . The study populations primarily consisted of Medicaid (n = 16), and Medicare beneficiaries (n = 8), with 3 studies including privately insured populations, 3 focusing on the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and 1 on uninsured populations .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The policies were implemented at different levels: nationwide (n = 17), state-specific (n = 10), or within specific health care settings (n = 4) . The study populations primarily consisted of Medicaid (n = 16), and Medicare beneficiaries (n = 8), with 3 studies including privately insured populations, 3 focusing on the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and 1 on uninsured populations . Secondary data sources, including claims databases (n = 16), surveys (n = 7), and electronic health records (EHRs, n = 7), were used for analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies used a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach to assess policy effects (n = 26), whereas 2 studies used randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs, and 3 studies used a cluster randomized clinical trial design . Regarding outcome measures, 15 studies used antihypertensive treatment (6 assessed medication adherence using the proportion of days covered [PDC] measure), 11 studies evaluated BP control, and 5 evaluated both outcomes . Further details on the policy, study population, data sources, study design, and hypertension-related outcome measures for each study are in Supplement 1 (eTable 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31,[36][37][38] The study populations primarily consisted of Medicaid (n = 16), 16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]34,35,39 and Medicare beneficiaries (n = 8), [12][13][14][15]32,40,42,44 with 3 studies including privately insured populations, 33,36,41 3 focusing on the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 31,37,38 and 1 on uninsured populations. 17 Secondary data sources, including claims databases (n = 16), 13,14,[18][19][20]28,29,[31][32][33][34][35][39][40]…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Most studies used a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach to assess policy effects (n = 26), [12][13][14][15][16][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][39][40][41] whereas 2 studies used randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs, 17,38 and 3 studies used a cluster randomized clinical trial design. 36,37,42 Regarding outcome measures, 15 studies used antihypertensive treatment (6 assessed medication adherence using the proportion of days covered [PDC] measure 14,29,31,32,40,41 ), [13][14][15]23,25,[27][28][29][31][32][33]…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Economic Policies With Hypertension Management and Control

Zhang,

Lee,

Pollack

et al. 2024

JAMA Health Forum

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ImportanceEconomic policies have the potential to impact management and control of hypertension.ObjectivesTo review the evidence on the association between economic policies and hypertension management and control among adults with hypertension in the US.Evidence ReviewA search was carried out of PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EconLit, Sociological Abstracts, and Scopus from January 1, 2000, through November 1, 2023. Included were randomized clinical trials, difference-in-differences, and interrupted time series studies that evaluated the association of economic policies with hypertension management. Economic policies were grouped into 3 categories: insurance coverage expansion such as Medicaid expansion, cost sharing in health care such as increased drug copayments, and financial incentives for quality such as pay-for-performance. Antihypertensive treatment was measured as taking antihypertensive medications or medication adherence among those who have a hypertension diagnosis; and hypertension control, measured as blood pressure (BP) lower than 140/90 mm Hg or a reduction in BP. Evidence was extracted and synthesized through dual review of titles, abstracts, full-text articles, study quality, and policy effects.FindingsIn total, 31 articles were included. None of the studies examined economic policies outside of the health care system. Of these, 16 (52%) assessed policies for insurance coverage expansion, 8 (26%) evaluated policies related to patient cost sharing for prescription drugs, and 7 (22%) evaluated financial incentive programs for improving health care quality. Of the 16 studies that evaluated coverage expansion policies, all but 1 found that policies such as Medicare Part D and Medicaid expansion were associated with significant improvement in antihypertensive treatment and BP control. Among the 8 studies that examined patient cost sharing, 4 found that measures such as prior authorization and increased copayments were associated with decreased adherence to antihypertensive medication. Finally, all 7 studies evaluating financial incentives aimed at improving quality found that they were associated with improved antihypertensive treatment and BP control. Overall, most studies had a moderate or low risk of bias in their policy evaluation.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this systematic review suggest that economic policies aimed at expanding insurance coverage or improving health care quality successfully improved medication use and BP control among US adults with hypertension. Future research is needed to investigate the potential effects of non–health care economic policies on hypertension control.

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