Effects of training history on resurgence in humans

Doughty, Adam H.; Cash, Jeffrey D.; Finch, Elizabeth A.; Holloway, Chrisey; Wallington, Laura K.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.12.001

Cited by 27 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Further, from a generalization perspective, having only two stimuli during Phase I and three stimuli during Phases II and III would make Phase III less similar to baseline reinforcement of the target response and may prevent resurgence rather than encourage it. Finally, human studies of resurgence that have used matching to sample procedures have included the alternative response from the outset, and it did not prevent resurgence (Doughty et al, 2010; Doughty et al, 2011; Wilson & Hayes, 1996). Therefore, the presence of the alternative stimulus during baseline is a minor procedural difference and not likely responsible for the lack of resurgence in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generality of laboratory animal research findings has been supported by research examining resurgence in children with intellectual or developmental disabilities (e.g., Volkert et al, 2009, Wacker et al, 2011; Wacker et al, 2013), and in typically functioning adult participants (e.g., Dixon & Hayes, 1998; Doughty, Cash, Finch, Holloway, & Wallington, 2010; Doughty, Kastner, & Bismark, 2011; Bruzek, Thompson, & Peters, 2009; Mechner, Hyten, Field, & Madden, 1997; Wilson & Hayes, 1996). For example, research with laboratory animals has shown increased time in extinction plus alternative reinforcement may decrease subsequent resurgence (Leitenberg et al, 1975, Experiment 4; Sweeney & Shahan, 2013a; but see Winterbauer et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Other research examining resurgence in adult humans has controlled for history of reinforcement and controlled for extinction-induced variability, but has required lengthy or repeated sessions (e.g., Doughty, Cash, Finch, Holloway, & Wallington, 2010; Doughty, Kastner, & Bismark, 2011; Mechner, Hyten, Field, & Madden, 1997; Wilson & Hayes, 1996). This is a function of examining resurgence of conditional discriminations, derived stimulus relations, or revealed operant behavior, which require more extensive accuracy training on the prerequisite discriminations than the relatively more simple discriminations described above (Dixon & Hayes, 1998; McHugh et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One way to do this would be to have a trial-based procedure that forces a choice between three arbitrary stimuli. Past studies examining resurgence of conditional discriminations or derived stimulus relations used discrete-trial matching to sample procedures and observed resurgence (Wilson and Hayes, 1996; Doughty et al, 2010; Doughty et al, 2011), but the matching to sample aspect of the trials requiring lengthy training may not be necessary. Rather than free-operant response rate across session or matching to sample performance, proportion preference for a given stimulus during a particular trial block could be measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resurgence of target responding does not exceed increases in inactive responding in a forced-choice alternative reinforcement procedure in humans

Sweeney

Shahan

2016

Behavioural Processes

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Resurgence following removal of alternative reinforcement has been studied in non-human animals, children with developmental disabilities, and typically functioning adults. Adult human laboratory studies have included responses without a controlled history of reinforcement, included only two response options, or involved extensive training. Arbitrary responses allow for control over history of reinforcement. Including an inactive response never associated with reinforcement allows the conclusion that resurgence exceeds extinction-induced variability. Although procedures with extensive training produce reliable resurgence, a brief procedure with the same experimental control would allow more efficient examination of resurgence in adult humans. We tested the acceptability of a brief, single-session, three-alternative forced-choice procedure as a model of resurgence in undergraduates. Selecting a shape was the target response (reinforced in Phase I), selecting another shape was the alternative response (reinforced in Phase II), and selecting a third shape was never reinforced. Despite manipulating number of trials and probability of reinforcement, resurgence of the target response did not consistently exceed increases in the inactive response. Our findings reiterate the importance of an inactive control response and call for reexamination of resurgence studies using only two response options. We discuss potential approaches to generate an acceptable, brief human laboratory resurgence procedure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Resurgence of target responding does not exceed increases in inactive responding in a forced-choice alternative reinforcement procedure in humans

Sweeney

Shahan

2016

Behavioural Processes

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“…This phenomenon is known as behavioral resurgence (e.g., Cleland, Foster, & Temple, 2000;Epstein, 1983Epstein, , 1985Reed & Morgan, 2006, and it has been demonstrated to occur in human participants (see Bruzek, Thompson, & Peters, 2009;Doughty, Cash, Finch, Holloway, & Wallington, 2010;Pettenger, Pavlik, Flora, & Kontos, 1988;Reed & Clark, 2011;Sajwah, Twardosz, & Burke, 1972). Resurgent responses sometimes have proven to be useful, for example, in problem-solving responses; if one response fails, it often is useful to revert to previously successful responses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mindfulness on extinction and behavioral resurgence

et al. 2012

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In the present experiments, we investigated the effects of mindfulness on behavioral extinction and resurgence. Participants received instrumental training; either they received FI training (Experiment 1), or they were trained to emit high rates and low rates of response via exposure to a multiple VR yoked-VI schedule prior to exposure to a multiple FI FI schedule in order to alter their rates of responding learned during Experiment 2. Participants were then exposed to either a focused-(mindfulness) or an unfocused-attention induction task. All participants were finally exposed to an extinction schedule in order to determine whether a mindfulness induction task presented immediately prior to extinction training affected extinction (Experiment 1) and behavioral resurgence (Experiment 2). During the extinction phase, the rates of responding were higher in the control group than in the mindfulness group, indicating that the mindfulness group was more sensitive to the contingencies and, thus, their prior performance extinguished more readily (Experiment 1). Moreover, rates of response in the extinction components less precisely reflected previous training in the mindfulness group, suggesting less resurgence of past behaviors after the mindfulness induction (Experiment 2).Keywords Operant conditioning . Schedule of reinforcement . Human learning Human behavior maintained by schedules of reinforcement has sometimes been found to be insensitive to the contingencies that are in operation, and this finding is sometimes related to behavior being under the control of previously established verbal rules, rather than the currently operating reinforcement contingencies themselves (e.g

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Serial functional communication training: Extending serial DRA to mands and problem behavior

Lambert

Bloom

Samaha

et al. 2017

Behavioral Interventions

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Functional communication training (FCT) is commonly used to eliminate problem behavior. Not surprisingly, the efficacy of the intervention depends on fidelity to programmed procedures. For instance, problem behavior is likely to resurge if caregivers fail to reinforce mands during the maintenance stages of FCT. Despite this, recent translational work on arbitrary human responses suggests that incorporating multiple‐mand instruction into a serial‐training format may increase the probability of a recency effect, and a reversion of response resurgence (both desirable outcomes when mands are the most recently reinforced responses prior to extinction). Although promising, this effect has not been replicated with socially significant human behavior. Thus, we compared the relative effect of traditional FCT with that of serial FCT on the resurgence of the problem behavior, and mands, of 2 children. In contrast to previous research, we observed primacy effects for both subjects (i.e., the magnitude of the resurgence of problem behavior was greater than it was for any subsequently trained mand), and mand resurgence never occurred for one subject. Notwithstanding these limitations, the percentage of total responding allocated toward the resurgence of problem behavior was less in the serial FCT component relative to the traditional FCT component, and we observed a reversion of response resurgence for one subject.

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Effects of training history on resurgence in humans

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Resurgence of target responding does not exceed increases in inactive responding in a forced-choice alternative reinforcement procedure in humans

Resurgence of target responding does not exceed increases in inactive responding in a forced-choice alternative reinforcement procedure in humans

The effect of mindfulness on extinction and behavioral resurgence

Serial functional communication training: Extending serial DRA to mands and problem behavior

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