Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on rats with Type II diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin: A urine metabonomic study

Abstract

Background: Type II diabetes has become a serious threat to human health in recent years. Among adults above 20 years old in China, the prevalence rate of diabetes is 9.7%. Thus, it is imperative to study the mechanisms underlying type II diabetes to develop effective therapeutic treatments. Objective: To examine metabolic changes in a rat model of type II diabetes and explore mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in this model. 120 rats were divided into four groups, including a control group, a high-fat diet group (high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection), a TCM group (high-fat diet, streptozotocin injection, followed by TCM administration), and a rosiglitazone maleate group (high-fat diet, streptozotocin injection, followed by rosiglitazone maleate administration). Metabolites in urine samples from 1-3 weeks (time point 1) and 4-6 weeks (time point 2) of drug administration were compared by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Our results showed that in the high-fat diet group, at time point 2, the levels of dihydroxybenzoic acid, L-ascorbic acid, D-gluconic acid, octadecanoic acid, and glutaric acid in urine were significantly higher than at time point 1. In the TCM group, at time point 2, the urine levels of L-ascorbic acid were markedly lower than at time point 1. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrated that examining urine metabolic changes provided important insights into the mechanisms underlying type II diabetes as well as the therapeutic effects of TCM.

Poor short-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes impairs the intestinal mucosal barrier: a prospective, single-center, observational study

“…It is clinically characterized by chronic persistent hyperglycemia and high volatility. T2DM patients also tend to be associated with a series of chronic complications, such as nerve, blood vessel and gastrointestinal tract defects including intestinal mucosal barrier damage, seriously affecting the life quality [4, 5]. According to the latest statistics from the National Vital Statistics System, diabetes is the seventh of the top ten causes of death in the United States in 2016 [6].…”

Metabonomic study of biochemical changes in urinary of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after the treatment of sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

“…Recently, a number of investigations have been reported to determine diabetes‐related metabolic alterations (Balderas et al ., ; Diao et al ., ; Du et al ., ; Guan et al ., ; Han et al ., ; Herder et al ., ; Lanza et al ., ; Lee et al ., ; Lu et al ., ; Menni et al ., ; Mihalik et al ., ; Sharma et al ., ; Wang‐Sattler et al ., ; Xu et al ., , ; Zhang et al ., , ; Zhao et al ., , ; Zhu et al ., ) and the mechanism of action of antidiabetic drugs (Cai et al ., ; Gu et al ., ; Huo et al ., ; Niu et al ., ; Ugarte et al ., ; Zhao et al ., , ) using the metabonomics approach. However, the effect of SU antidiabetic drugs on biochemical changes in T2DM is not fully understood.…”

IGF-1R/β-catenin signaling axis is involved in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis

“…By feeding an HFD for four weeks and administering STZ at a dose of 35 mg/kg, we successfully created a T2DM model in the rat. Despite setting the cutoff value of FBG at 11.1 mmol/L based on previous studies (Zhao et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2016;Jiao et al, 2017), all rats selected in the DOP groups had an FBG much higher than 11.1 mmol/L (14.2-31.1 mmol/L). Serious hyperglycemia led to remarkable osteoporosis.…”