Effects of Trace Contaminants on Catalytic Processing of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks

Elliott, D.C.; Peterson, Keith L.; Muzatko, Danielle S.; Alderson, E.V.; Hart, Todd R.; Neuenschwander, Gary G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-837-3_66

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…). Evaluation of a biomass feedstock generally includes analyses for energy content, fuel properties (including moisture and ash content), and major fuel elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine) [ 14 ], as well as more minor components capable of influencing plant operations, including the main mineral components of the ash and levels of heavy metals [ 15 , 16 ]. These physiochemical properties also influence the type of emissions (air, water and solids), environmental impacts, and plant control requirements.…”

Section: Potential Occupational Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Occupational Exposures and Health Risks Associated with Biomass-Based Power Generation

Rohr

Campleman

Long

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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Biomass is increasingly being used for power generation; however, assessment of potential occupational health and safety (OH&S) concerns related to usage of biomass fuels in combustion-based generation remains limited. We reviewed the available literature on known and potential OH&S issues associated with biomass-based fuel usage for electricity generation at the utility scale. We considered three potential exposure scenarios—pre-combustion exposure to material associated with the fuel, exposure to combustion products, and post-combustion exposure to ash and residues. Testing of dust, fungal and bacterial levels at two power stations was also undertaken. Results indicated that dust concentrations within biomass plants can be extremely variable, with peak levels in some areas exceeding occupational exposure limits for wood dust and general inhalable dust. Fungal spore types, identified as common environmental species, were higher than in outdoor air. Our review suggests that pre-combustion risks, including bioaerosols and biogenic organics, should be considered further. Combustion and post-combustion risks appear similar to current fossil-based combustion. In light of limited available information, additional studies at power plants utilizing a variety of technologies and biomass fuels are recommended.

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Section: Potential Occupational Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Occupational Exposures and Health Risks Associated with Biomass-Based Power Generation

Rohr

Campleman

Long

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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“…The inorganic elements were probably in such low amounts which did not poison the metal catalyst. Elliot et al 17 An attempt to hydrogenate a real wheat bran hydrolysate prior to purification was first carried out but failed even with the highest catalyst loading. However, after purification, a high yield into pentitols of ~70% with 100% selectivity was achieved.…”

Section: Dowex®mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…K may attack the catalyst support due to its alkali nature. And proteins may collapse the catalyst pores by precipitation of denatured forms.Not only pore plugging but also coverage of the metal active sites may occur due to these contaminants 17. To investigate the deactivation mechanism of Ru/H-ZSM-5…”

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confidence: 99%

From Biomass to Sugar Alcohols: Purification of Wheat Bran Hydrolysates Using Boronic Acid Carriers Followed by Hydrogenation of Sugars over Ru/H-ZSM-5

Sanchez‐Bastardo

Delidovich

Alonso

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Wheat bran is a lignocellulosic waste of milling industry. It contains hemicelluloses which can be valorized into arabitol and xylitol via a few-step approach. It begins with extraction and hydrolysis of hemicelluloses to produce a solution of xylose and arabinose along with proteins and inorganic salts. This work focusses on the purification of sugars of this hydrolysate and the subsequent catalytic production of sugar alcohols. A purification process based on the recovery of sugars by anionic extraction with a boronic acid, followed by back-extraction and a further refining step with ion exchange resins is described. After this process, a high purity sugars solution (~90%) free of inorganic elements and proteins was obtained. The feasibility of the process was also highlighted by a successful recycling of the organic phase containing the boronic acid. The hydrogenation of purified sugars was then performed over Ru/H-ZSM-5. A high yield into pentitols of ~70% with 100% selectivity was achieved. Importantly, the catalytic hydrogenation of sugars in the hydrolysate prior to purification did not occur. We determined that proteins caused the deactivation of the catalyst and consequently the inhibition of the production of sugar alcohols.

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“…14 Another disadvantage of the purely chemical catalytic route is that the use of expensive pure sugars is necessary for metal catalyst conversions, as the impure sugar stream poisons metal catalysts. 15 Th e signifi cant weaknesses of both chemical-and bio-catalytic technologies can be overcome by deriving an intermediate chemical from glucose via microbial technology and then converting this mono-or bi-functionalized biological intermediate to adipic acid using chemical catalysis. 16 One of the disadvantages of combining chemical-and biocatalytic technologies to make adipic acid is an increase in the number of process steps relative to a purely biocatalytic or chemical catalytic route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno‐economic analysis of multiple bio‐based routes to adipic acid

Gunukula

Anex

2017

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Techno‐economic studies of four processes for production of adipic acid from glucose were used to compare the minimum cost of production by each route. We analyzed the purely biological production via reverse β‐oxidation in E. coli; a purely chemical process using oxidation of glucose via chemical catalysis to glucaric acid that undergoes catalytic hydrodeoxygenation to adipic acid; and two hybrid routes that biologically convert glucose to either 6‐hydroxyhexanoic acid or 1, 6‐hexanediol, that are subsequently converted chemically to adipic acid using a metal catalyst. All analyses were based on adipic acid production capacity of 80 000 metric ton/year. Estimated total capital investments were US$157 million, $81 million, $166 million, and $177 million for the purely biological, chemical, and two integrated hybrid routes, respectively. Catalyst costs were estimated as $72 million, $36 million, and $37 million for the purely chemical and two integrated routes, respectively. The estimated adipic acid minimum selling prices were $1.36, $1.56, $1.48, and $1.70 per kg for the purely biological, purely chemical, and two integrated routes, respectively. Co‐product revenue and the use of unpurified sugars improved the economics of adipic acid production in the purely biological and two integrated routes. Comparison of the economics of the chemical catalytic steps shows that catalyst yields, turnover frequency, and catalyst life must be greater than 40% of theoretical, 0.01 s‐1, and 100 days to achieve economic viability of purely chemical and integrated routes to adipic acid. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Effects of Trace Contaminants on Catalytic Processing of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Potential Occupational Exposures and Health Risks Associated with Biomass-Based Power Generation

Potential Occupational Exposures and Health Risks Associated with Biomass-Based Power Generation

From Biomass to Sugar Alcohols: Purification of Wheat Bran Hydrolysates Using Boronic Acid Carriers Followed by Hydrogenation of Sugars over Ru/H-ZSM-5

Techno‐economic analysis of multiple bio‐based routes to adipic acid

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