Effects of toxaphene on soil organisms

Bezchlebová, Jitka; Černohlávková, Jitka; Lána, Jan; Sochová, Ivana; Kobetičová, Klára; Hofman, Jakub

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.05.009

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The enchytraeids were the least sensitive with an EC 50 ratio of almost 3:1 of the other two organisms. This low sensitivity of enchytraeids towards chlorothalonil has also been reported for other pesticides such as a polychlorinated insecticide in specific and other fungicides of the same chemical group, and insecticides in a broader evaluation (Bezchlebová et al, 2007;Daam et al, 2011b;Frampton et al, 2006). The NOEC for earthworms of 5 mg a.i.…”

Section: Effects Of Chlorothalonil On Soil Biotasupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The higher sensitivity of collembolans (F. candida) observed in this study as compared with the other organisms for two pesticides, the fungicide chlorothalonil and the insecticide ethoprophos, has been found for a wide range of pesticides with different type of toxic action, suggesting that the earthworms are not always the most sensitive species (Bezchlebová et al, 2007;Daam et al, 2011b;Frampton et al, 2006). However, care should be taken when making generalizations of effects of pesticides within the same chemical group where significantly different toxicities may occur in a single group of soil organisms (e.g.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of the Three Invertebrate Arthropods To The Pestmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Effects of azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and ethoprophos on the reproduction of three terrestrial invertebrates using a natural Mediterranean soil

Leitão

Cerejeira

Brink

et al. 2014

Applied Soil Ecology

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a b s t r a c tThe potential terrestrial toxicity of three pesticides, azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and ethoprophos was evaluated using reproduction ecotoxicological tests with different non-target species: the collembolan Folsomia candida, the earthworm Eisenia andrei, and the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus. All reproduction tests were performed with natural soil from a Mediterranean agricultural area (with no pesticide residues) in order to improve the relevance of laboratory data to field conditions. Controls were performed with natural and standard artificial soil (OECD 10% OM). The fungicide azoxystrobin showed the highest toxicity to earthworms (EC 50 = 42.0 mg a.i. kg −1 dw soil). Collembolans were the most sensitive taxa in terms of sublethal effects of chlorothalonil with an EC 50 of 31.1 mg a.i. kg −1 dw soil followed by the earthworms with an EC 50 of 40.9 mg a.i. kg −1 dw soil. The insecticide ethoprophos was the most toxic to collembolans affecting their reproduction with an EC 50 of 0.027 mg a.i. kg −1 dw soil. Enchytraeids were generally the least sensitive of the three species tested for long-term effects. Earthworms were not always the most sensitive species, emphasizing the need to increase the number of mandatory assays with key non-target organisms in the environmental risk assessment of pesticides.

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Section: Effects Of Chlorothalonil On Soil Biotasupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Sensitivity Of the Three Invertebrate Arthropods To The Pestmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effects of azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and ethoprophos on the reproduction of three terrestrial invertebrates using a natural Mediterranean soil

Leitão

Cerejeira

Brink

et al. 2014

Applied Soil Ecology

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“…The first group consists of chlorantraniliprole (no effects on reproduction up to 1,000 mg a.i./kg soil DW, Lavtižar et al, 2016), chlorpyrifos (with just one EC50 Avoidance value of 933 mg a.i./kg soil DW, Amorim et al, 2008b), toxaphene (no effects on survival and reproduction at 620 mg a.i./kg soil DW, Bezchlebová et al, 2007), parathion and its metabolite 4-nitrophenol (all reported effect values >20 mg a.i./kg soil DW, Römbke, 1991;Römbke and Moser, 1999). Natal-da-Luz et al (2012) reported that spraying the insecticide diazinon on soil samples from Costa Rica did not cause adverse effects on E. crypticus (NOEC Reproduction of >16 mg ai./kg soil DW).…”

Section: Effects Of Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Organic Pesticides on Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) in Agroecosystems: Laboratory and Higher-Tier Tests

Römbke

Schmelz

Pelosi

2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) are often considered to be typical forestliving organisms, but they are regularly found in agroecosystems of the temperate regions of the world. Although less known than their larger relatives, the earthworms, these saprophagous organisms play similar roles in agricultural soils (but at a smaller scale), e.g., influencing soil structure and organic matter dynamics via microbial communities, and having a central place in soil food webs. Their diversity is rarely studied or often underestimated due to difficulties in distinguishing the species. New genetic techniques reveal that even in anthropogenically highly influenced soils, more than 10 species per site can be found. Because of their close contact with the soil pore water, a high ingestion rate and a thin cuticle, they often react very sensitively to a broad range of pesticides. Firstly we provide a short overview of the diversity and abundance of enchytraeid communities in agroecosystems. Afterwards, we explore the available data on enchytraeid sensitivity toward pesticides at different levels of biological organization, focusing on pesticides used in (mainly) European agroecosystems. Starting with non-standardized studies on the effects of pesticides on the sub-individual level, we compile the results of standard laboratory tests performed following OECD and ISO guidelines as well as those of higher-tier studies (i.e., semi-field and field tests). The number of comparable test data is still limited, because tests with enchytraeids are not a regulatory requirement in the European Union. While focusing on the effects of pesticides, attention is also given to their interactions with environmental stressors (e.g., climate change). In conclusion, we recommend to increase the use of enchytraeids in pesticide risk assessment because of their diversity and functional importance as well as their increasingly simplified use in (mostly standardized) tests at all levels of biological organization.

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“…Pesticides are either directly applied to soil to control soil borne pests or deposited on soil as runoff from their foliar applications and these concentrations are highly enough to effect soil micro-organisms (Bezchlebova et al, 2007). Earthworms represent a major component of the soil biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho-Histopathological Response of Phorate-An Organo-Phosphorous Pesticide on the Integumentary Musculature of an Epigeic Earthworm, Eisenia fetida

Singh¹

2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Effects of toxaphene on soil organisms

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and ethoprophos on the reproduction of three terrestrial invertebrates using a natural Mediterranean soil

Effects of azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and ethoprophos on the reproduction of three terrestrial invertebrates using a natural Mediterranean soil

Effects of Organic Pesticides on Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) in Agroecosystems: Laboratory and Higher-Tier Tests

Morpho-Histopathological Response of Phorate-An Organo-Phosphorous Pesticide on the Integumentary Musculature of an Epigeic Earthworm, Eisenia fetida

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