Effects of total gastrectomy on plasma silicon and amino acid concentrations in men

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine one-year effects of total gastrectomy on plasma silicon and free amino acid concentrations in patients and evaluate changes of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in lumbar spine. Eight patients were enrolled to the control (CTR) group. Six patients subjected to total gastrectomy (GX group) were included to the experimental group. vBMD in trabecular and cortical bone was measured in lumbar vertebrae at baseline (before surgery) and one year later using quantitative computed tomography. Plasma concentrations of silicon and free amino acids were determined at baseline and one year later using photometric method and ion-exchange chromatography. Body weights within CTR and GX groups were not different after one-year follow-up when compared to the baseline values (P > 0.05). An average annual decrease of vBMD in the trabecular bone in the gastrectomized patients reached 15.0% in lumbar spine and was significantly different in comparison to the percentage changes observed in CTR group (P ¼ 0.02). One-year percentage change of vBMD in the cortical bone in L 1 and L 2 has shown significantly decreased values by 10.5 and 9.1% in the GX group when compared to the percentage change observed in the controls (P < 0.05). Plasma concentration of adipic acid was significantly higher by 101.6% one year after total gastrectomy procedure in the patients when compared to the baseline value (P ¼ 0.01). Plasma concentration of silicon was significantly lowered by 26.7% one year after the total gastrectomy when compared to the baseline value (P ¼ 0.009). Total gastrectomy in patients has induced severe osteoporotic changes in lumbar spine within one-year period. The observed osteoporotic changes were associated with decreased plasma concentration of silicon indicating importance of exocrine and endocrine functions of stomach for silicon homeostasis maintenance. Gastrectomy-induced bone loss was not related to decreased amino acid concentration in plasma obtained from overnight fasted patients.

Food‐grade carrageenans and their implications in health and disease

“…The carrageenan‐induced reduction in pepsin activities can have health ramifications because previous studies have demonstrated that the compromise in the activity and the amount of pepsin frequently causes protein digestion disorder (Bernert et al., 2007; Tatara et al., 2008). In addition, carrageenans also possess the ability for competitive inhibition of trypsin (Gatfield & Stute, 1972), a protease important for protein digestion in the duodenum, where approximately 50% of proteins are absorbed in humans (Tatara et al., 2015).…”

Silicon: A neglected micronutrient essential for bone health

“…16 Finally, that Si can play an important role for bone wellbeing seems to be suggested also by a study in which gastrectomized male patients, at one year after surgery, found a significant reduction in volumetric BMD (measured by quantitative CT) in the lumbar spine (at both trabecular and cortical bone levels) compared to the control group, in association with an equally significant decrease in the plasma concentration of Si (also indicating, therefore, the importance of the exocrine and endocrine functions of the stomach in maintaining Si homeostasis). 17 Si, bone formation, and mineralization: In vitro and animal studies It has been suggested that Si may play a role in electrochemical bone mineralization processes, but the precise biological mechanism remains unclear at present. 1 In vitro studies have shown that this element stimulates the synthesis of type 1 collagen and osteoblastic 18 and increases the formation of mineralization nodules in mature osteoblast cultures.…”

“…Finally, that Si can play an important role for bone well-being seems to be suggested also by a study in which gastrectomized male patients, at one year after surgery, found a significant reduction in volumetric BMD (measured by quantitative CT) in the lumbar spine (at both trabecular and cortical bone levels) compared to the control group, in association with an equally significant decrease in the plasma concentration of Si (also indicating, therefore, the importance of the exocrine and endocrine functions of the stomach in maintaining Si homeostasis). 17…”

Relationship between physical activity and bone mineral density loss after gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients

“…Previous studies have discussed the association between gastrectomy and decreased BMD in terms of malnutrition after gastrectomy and hormonal disorder [8, 9,13,14,22]. Some reports have focused on secondary hyperparathyroidism due to malabsorption of vitamin D and calcium as a cause of decreased BMD after gastrectomy [21,23] and others have focused on silicon, which is abundant in bones, skin, and other connective tissues [24][25][26]. Silicon is an important mineral required for bone formation, thus showing the importance of gastric exocrine and endocrine functions in the maintenance of silicon homeostasis.…”