Effects of total fibre or resistant starch-rich diets within lifestyle intervention in obese prediabetic adults

Abstract

At the end of the study, RS-rich diet failed to affect glycaemic control in prediabetic obese individuals in contrast to the regular fibre-rich diet, which indicated that fibre profile could be an important determinant of the effect of dietary intervention.

Resistant starches for the management of metabolic diseases

“…This is in line with the aforementioned Bodinham et al study where T2D patients experienced no changes in body weight, fat mass, or body fat depots despite decreases in fasting free fatty acid levels [6]. Dodevska and colleagues did report significant decreases in body weight and waist circumference, but the changes were minor [12]. All told, these recent reports demonstrate that dietary supplementation with RS has little to no impact on body composition in humans with metabolic disease.…”

“…There is clearly good evidence that RS improve glucose metabolism beyond what would be expected from its reduced glycemic index, but to what extent established pathologies can be reversed is still unclear, and some studies do not show a beneficial effect on glycemic variables [12;13*]. Differences in RS intake levels, RS source, timeframe and disease status, among other factors (such as gut microbiota variation), could explain these apparent discrepancies, as discussed later in this review.…”

“…Patients with metabolic syndrome experienced significant improvements in their blood cholesterol profiles [13*]. Similarly, Dodevska et al showed that increasing RS intake during a lifestyle intervention for prediabetic overweight and obese adults significantly decreased their total serum cholesterol levels [12]. These two clinical trials provide exciting evidence that RS feeding positively influences dyslipidemia.…”

The role of nuts consumption in the primary and secondary prevention of type 2 diabetes

“…Apart from this, the consumption of nuts did not lead to the body weight gain in patients even though they have a high energy value. According to the researchers, this may be due to a high amount of fibre in the nuts which contributes to a lower digestibility of glucose by increasing the viscosity of the intestinal contents and has a positive impact on the regulation of the postprandial glycaemia [6,26]. Therefore, nuts can be used in the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes and the consumption of one portion, i.e.…”

“…Walnuts compared with other species of nuts, are characterized by a greater percentage of alpha-linolenic acid, thus demonstrate anti-inflammatory (through the induction of prostaglandin synthesis) and antiaggregation properties [6]. The vasodilatatory action corresponds to the nut-present arginine, which is the precursor of nitrogen oxide [39], and the contained fibre results in glycaemia improvement, body weight and TC reduction [26]. Additionally, the nut-present vegetable protein, phytosterols and minerals may also play a favourable role in this respect [36][37][38][39].…”