Effects of Tooth Brushing Training, Based on Augmented Reality Using a Smart Toothbrush, on Oral Hygiene Care among People with Intellectual Disability in Korea

Abstract

(1) Purpose: In modern society, augmented reality (AR)-based training using a smart device has emerged as a means of resolving problems with training. Thus, this feasibility study aimed to identify the effects of tooth-brushing training, based on AR using a smart toothbrush, on oral hygiene care among people with an intellectual disability in Korea. (2) Methods: Thirty people with an intellectual disability, residing in a residential care facility, were selected. Tooth-brushing training based on AR, using a smart toothbrush, was applied in the experimental group (n = 15), and training using visual material was applied in the control group (n = 15). As an assessment of oral hygiene care, the changes in tooth-brushing performance and oral hygiene were measured. (3) Results: There were significant differences in all results after training between the two groups, (4) Conclusions: Tooth-brushing training based on AR using a smart toothbrush is more effective than training using visual material on oral hygiene care among the subjects of this feasibility study. Thus, training based on AR using a smart toothbrush could be applied to people with intellectual disabilities residing in residential care facilities as an individual tool for tooth-brushing training.

The use of virtual reality and augmented reality in psychosocial rehabilitation for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review

“…Out of the 38 selected studies for review, only three studies used AR in their interventions ( 7 , 19 , 23 ). One study developed independent living tasks videos (ironing, bed making, and setting an alarm clock) and presented them on an AR application installed on an iPad ( 19 ).…”

“…Another study used AR to teach the self-care skill of tooth brushing ( 23 ). The three-dimensional motion sensor in the smart toothbrush enabled recognition of the participants' hand movements and provided a visual guide for posture and direction.…”

“…Another small-scale study using AR for three adults with IDD living in a school dormitory found that their independent living skills (e.g., ironing, bed making, and setting an alarm clock) improved immediately after intervention ( 19 ). Finally, a quasi-experimental study on adults with ID in residential facilities found that compared to traditional tooth brushing training, an AR-facilitated tooth brushing intervention yielded significantly better improvement in Modified Barthel Index (Korean version) scores and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index ( 23 ). This intervention was conducted twice a week for 12 weeks by an occupational therapist.…”

Fluorescence-based Evaluation of the Efficacy of Augmented Reality-assisted Toothbrush on Oral Hygiene Practices Among 6–8 Years Old Children

“…23 Another study showing that training of A-R-assisted smart toothbrushing for the intellectually disabled can be beneficial was also done recently. 24 In another survey, Kanoute et al assessed the quality of different mobile game applications currently available that are linked to oral hygiene measures for children through a survey among oral health professionals who recommended their use and rated them positively. 25 A recent study investigated the usage of a smartphone app for improving manual toothbrushing via a gravitation sensor by measuring the plaque and gingival indices through a randomized controlled trial, showing promising results.…”

Impact of parental care on oral health of children with Intellectual Disabilities from zero to six years of age

“…Also partnerships with private institutions aiming to reduce oral diseases in patients with ID. Future projects should emphasize management techniques and oral health education in specialized referral centers 21,22 . Therefore, the data of the present study also suggest the adoption of more public policies for the prevention and promotion of oral health for families of children with ID.…”