Effects of tobacco abstinence on food intake among cigarette smokers.

Hatsukami, Dorothy K.; LaBounty, Lynda P.; Hughes, John P.; Laine, D C

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.12.6.499

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey showed indeed a higher consumption of visible fats and a lower consumption of cheese for people in a low SES group (Hulshof et al, 2003). For diet 3C current smokers appear to consume less compared to the never smokers, which is also in agreement with general findings such as smokers having a decreased dietary intake and quitters having an increased intake and weight gain (Stamford et al, 1986;Hatsukami et al, 1993). The intake of phytosterol/-stanol-enriched products in among others pregnant women is discouraged due to potential influence of the phytosterols/-stanols on gastrointestinal carotenoid uptake.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Potential intake of phytosterols/-stanols: results of a simulation study

et al. 2004

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Background: Different doses of phytosterols/-stanols up to a maximum of 4.0 g/day have been used in human safety studies, whereas only one small-scale study investigated some detailed clinical information about consumption levels exceeding 8.6 g/ day.Objective: To determine which population groups are likely to be at risk of excessive intakes if liberal enrichment of foods with phytosterols/-stanols will be allowed. Design and subjects: Cross-sectional study among a representative sample (n¼23 106) of the Dutch population, aged 20-60 y (MORGEN-project, 1993(MORGEN-project, -1997. Phytosterol/-stanol intake was assessed with virtual replacement of one to four ordinary foods in the diet with enriched products. Percentile values were used to describe the distribution in simulated intake for different groups in the population, varying in sociodemographic and health characteristics. Multiple linear regression was used to describe the contribution of the different population characteristics to the simulated phytosterol/-stanol intake. Results: If three commonly consumed products (margarine, cheese, yoghurt) were completely replaced, the median daily phytosterol/-stanol intake will be about 5.5 g in men and 4.6 g in women. In males, the intake above the 90th percentile will exceed 8.6 g/day. Women will approach this level. Especially, age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, subjective health, smoking behaviour, alcohol consumption, pregnancy (women) and high cholesterol level (men) contributed to the variance in the simulated intake (Po0.05), although the total explained variance was low (1-3%). Conclusions: If liberal phytosterol/-stanol fortification is allowed, the daily intake might exceed the recommended intake level as well as our 'cutoff' level of 8.6 g/day. Postlaunch monitoring to identify consumers and real intake levels, refinement of scenario buiding, as well as human safety studies for levels above 8.6 g/day are necessary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Potential intake of phytosterols/-stanols: results of a simulation study

et al. 2004

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“…Although not statistically significant, an increase in fluid input and output was also observed. [30][31][32] A recent study reported that early, rapid weight gain following smoking cessation may include a larger proportion of water than that expected by changes in energy balance. 33 During the inpatient phase of our study, the average 24-hour urine volumes increased by more than 1,000 mL compared with baseline (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight change after smoking cessation using variable doses of transdermal nicotine replacement

et al. 1998

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OBJECTIVE: Examine weight change in subjects receiving variable doses of transdermal nicotine replacement for smoking cessation. DESIGN:Randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING:One-week inpatient treatment with outpatient follow-up through 1 year. INTERVENTION:This report examines weight change after smoking cessation for 70 subjects randomized to placebo or to 11, 22, or 44 mg/d doses of transdermal nicotine. The study included 1 week of intensive inpatient treatment for nicotine dependence with active patch therapy continuing for another 7 weeks. Counseling sessions were provided weekly for the 8 weeks of patch therapy and with long-term follow-up visits at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Forty-two subjects were confirmed biochemically (i.e., by expired carbon monoxide) to be nonsmokers at all weekly visits during patch therapy. any studies have demonstrated that, for most smokers, cessation of smoking is accompanied by weight gain. 1 The acceptance of this consequence of smoking cessation is widespread, and many smokers report fear of weight gain as a reason for continuing to smoke or for their relapse to smoking after achieving abstinence. [2][3][4] Although there is little direct evidence that postcessation weight gain is a serious cause of smoking relapse, 5 the fact that fear of weight gain is a potential barrier to the initiation of cessation attempts makes the development of methods to control postcessation weight gain an important area of research for the treatment of nicotine dependence.Postcessation weight gain is most likely influenced by changes in energy balance (caloric expenditure vs intake) that occur with smoking cessation. Klesges and coworkers have proposed a working model conceptualized as multiple variables moderating the energy balance equation, which in turn affects weight change. 1 An extensive discussion of potential biological and psychological mechanisms relevant to the relation between smoking, body weight, and energy balance can be found in the report of the task force from the National Working Conference on Smoking and Body Weight. 6 Finally, Perkins has proposed the possibility that modest weight gain after smoking cessation is largely unavoidable for most smokers because the intake of nicotine associated with smoking maintains an artificially reduced weight by increasing energy expenditure and thereby altering the regulation of body weight around a lower set point. 5,7 Cessation removes this influence on energy expenditure, allowing body weight to return to "normal."If nicotine is an important variable influencing the energy balance equation, or the body weight set point, then nicotine replacement therapy should help control postcessation weight gain. Some studies involving nicotine gum have reported no difference in weight change associated with the use of gum during smoking cessation [8][9][10][11] ; however, several studies report a significant weight-suppressing effect associated with gum use. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Similarly, a recent stu...

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“…For example, some studies have reported greater withdrawal in women than men on some or all measures (al 'Absi, Amunrud, & Wittmers, 2002;al'Absi et al, 2004;Field & Duka, 2004; C. S. Pomerleau, Tate, Lumley, & Pomerleau, 1994;Strong, Kahler, Ramsey, Abrantes, & Brown, 2004;. Other studies have reported no differences on some or all measures (al'Absi et al, 2002(al'Absi et al, , 2004Evans, Blank, Sams, Weaver, & Eissenberg, 2006;Field & Duka, 2004;Gunn, 1986;Hatsukami, LaBounty, Hughes, & Laine, 1993;Hughes, Gust, Skoog, & Keenan, 1991; C. S. Pomerleau et al, 1994;Strong et al, 2004;Svikis, Hatsukami, Hughes, & Carroll, 1986;, and still others have reported more severe withdrawal in men than in women on some or all measures (al'Absi et al, 2004;Hatsukami et al, 1993; O. F. Pomerleau et al, 2005). There have also been discrepant findings in those studies that have examined whether gender moderates the effect of withdrawal on smoking outcomes (Gunn, 1986;Wetter, Kenford, et al, 1999).…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have reported no differences on some or all measures (al'Absi et al, 2002(al'Absi et al, , 2004Evans, Blank, Sams, Weaver, & Eissenberg, 2006;Field & Duka, 2004;Gunn, 1986;Hatsukami, LaBounty, Hughes, & Laine, 1993;Hughes, Gust, Skoog, & Keenan, 1991;C. S. Pomerleau et al, 1994;Strong et al, 2004;Svikis, Hatsukami, Hughes, & Carroll, 1986;, and still others have reported more severe withdrawal in men than in women on some or all measures (al'Absi et al, 2004;Hatsukami et al, 1993;O. F. Pomerleau et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in acute tobacco withdrawal: Effects on subjective, cognitive, and physiological measures.

Leventhal

Waters

Boyd

et al. 2007

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

130

108

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Gender differences in tobacco withdrawal are of considerable clinical importance, but research findings on this topic have been mixed. Methodological variation in samples sizes, experimental design, and measures across studies may explain the inconsistent results. The current study examined whether male (n = 101) and female (n = 102) smokers (≥15 cigarettes/day) differed in abstinenceinduced changes on a battery of self-report measures (withdrawal, affect, craving), cognitive performance tasks (attention, psychomotor performance), and physiological responses (heart rate, blood pressure, brain electroencephalogram). Participants attended 2 counterbalanced laboratory sessions, 1 following 12 hr of abstinence and the other following ad libitum smoking. Results showed that women reported greater abstinence-induced increases in negative affect, withdrawal-related distress, and urge to smoke to relieve withdrawal distress. In contrast, both genders reported similar abstinence-induced changes in positive affect and urge to smoke for pleasure. Men and women exhibited generally similar abstinence-induced changes in physiological and cognitive performance measures. In addition, gender did not moderate the association between withdrawal symptoms and baseline measures of smoking behavior and dependence. Abstinence-induced changes in withdrawal distress mediated the effect of gender on latency until the 1st cigarette of the day at trend levels (p < .10). These findings suggest that there are qualitative gender differences in the acute tobacco withdrawal syndrome that may underlie gender-specific smoking patterns. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptResearch suggests that women are less likely than men to successfully quit smoking. Recent meta-analyses of smoking cessation trials showed lower abstinence rates for women than men, regardless of whether individuals received group or individual counseling (Wetter, Kenford, et al., 1999), nicotine replacement therapy (Cepeda-Benito, Reynoso, & Erath, 2004;Wetter, Kenford, et al., 1999) or placebo nicotine patch (Wetter, Kenford, et al., 1999), or bupropion sustained release or placebo (Collins et al., 2004;Scharf & Shiffman, 2004). Although there is debate over whether women's quit rates are lower than men's at the population level (Gritz, Nielsen, & Brooks, 1996) or whether differences are large enough to be clinically significant (Killen, Fortmann, Varady, & Kraemer, 2002), it is important to identify gender-specific processes underlying tobacco addiction so that interventions can be tailored to gender.In recent years, researchers have investigated several variables that might differentially impact smoking behavior in men and women. These include attitudes toward cessation (Etter, Prokhorov, & Perneger, 2002), concerns about weight gain (Borrelli, Spring, Niaura, Hitsman, & Papandonatos, 2001), depressive and anxious symptomatology (Borrelli, Bock, King, & Pinto, 1996), nicotine reinforcement (Perkins, Donny, & Caggiula, 1999), mens...

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Effects of tobacco abstinence on food intake among cigarette smokers.

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Potential intake of phytosterols/-stanols: results of a simulation study

Potential intake of phytosterols/-stanols: results of a simulation study

Weight change after smoking cessation using variable doses of transdermal nicotine replacement

Gender differences in acute tobacco withdrawal: Effects on subjective, cognitive, and physiological measures.

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