“…TiO 2 nanoparticles have been found to accumulate in the ovaries of mice and rats after in vivo or in vitro exposure. [187][188][189] In one study, intragastrically administered TiO 2 nanoparticles (5-6 nm) were shown to accumulate in mouse ovaries and increase the expression of genes related to estradiol biosynthesis and progesterone metabolism, leading to decreased fertility. 187 However, after oral administration of TiO 2 nanoparticles, no abnormal pathological changes were found in mouse ovaries.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…189 Nanoparticle exposure can lead to the transplacental absorption of fetuses after implantation [190][191][192] and can cause toxicity to fetal development that may compromise fertility. 193 These effects will be discussed further in the section on developmental nanotoxicity.…”
Nanotechnology is having a tremendous impact on our society. However, societal concerns about human safety under nanoparticle exposure may derail the broad application of this promising technology. Nanoparticles may enter the human body via various routes, including respiratory pathways, the digestive tract, skin contact, intravenous injection, and implantation. After absorption, nanoparticles are carried to distal organs by the bloodstream and the lymphatic system. During this process, they interact with biological molecules and perturb physiological systems. Although some ingested or absorbed nanoparticles are eliminated, others remain in the body for a long time. The human body is composed of multiple systems that work together to maintain physiological homeostasis. The unexpected invasion of these systems by nanoparticles disturbs normal cell signaling, impairs cell and organ functions, and may even cause pathological disorders. This review examines the comprehensive health risks of exposure to nanoparticles by discussing how nanoparticles perturb various physiological systems as revealed by animal studies. The potential toxicity of nanoparticles to each physiological system and the implications of disrupting the balance among systems are emphasized.
“…TiO 2 nanoparticles have been found to accumulate in the ovaries of mice and rats after in vivo or in vitro exposure. [187][188][189] In one study, intragastrically administered TiO 2 nanoparticles (5-6 nm) were shown to accumulate in mouse ovaries and increase the expression of genes related to estradiol biosynthesis and progesterone metabolism, leading to decreased fertility. 187 However, after oral administration of TiO 2 nanoparticles, no abnormal pathological changes were found in mouse ovaries.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…189 Nanoparticle exposure can lead to the transplacental absorption of fetuses after implantation [190][191][192] and can cause toxicity to fetal development that may compromise fertility. 193 These effects will be discussed further in the section on developmental nanotoxicity.…”
Nanotechnology is having a tremendous impact on our society. However, societal concerns about human safety under nanoparticle exposure may derail the broad application of this promising technology. Nanoparticles may enter the human body via various routes, including respiratory pathways, the digestive tract, skin contact, intravenous injection, and implantation. After absorption, nanoparticles are carried to distal organs by the bloodstream and the lymphatic system. During this process, they interact with biological molecules and perturb physiological systems. Although some ingested or absorbed nanoparticles are eliminated, others remain in the body for a long time. The human body is composed of multiple systems that work together to maintain physiological homeostasis. The unexpected invasion of these systems by nanoparticles disturbs normal cell signaling, impairs cell and organ functions, and may even cause pathological disorders. This review examines the comprehensive health risks of exposure to nanoparticles by discussing how nanoparticles perturb various physiological systems as revealed by animal studies. The potential toxicity of nanoparticles to each physiological system and the implications of disrupting the balance among systems are emphasized.
“…NPs can also directly affect female gametes. In cultured preantral follicles obtained from rats receiving TiO 2 NPs, Hou et al (2009) observed morphological changes in the follicles and a reduced number of matured oocytes.…”
Section: Risk Of the Use Of Nanomaterialsmentioning
“…In another study, after culture of rat ovarian preantral follicle in media containing 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml TiO 2 nanoparticles, and with the increase of TiO 2 concentration, the survival rate of follicles, formation rate of antral follicles and mature oocytes decreased significantly; however, micron TiO 2 at the same dose had no obvious influence on follicle development and oocyte maturation [44].…”
Section: Effects Of Tio 2 Nanoparticle On Female Reproductive Systemmentioning
Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticle has a wide range of application in industrial and consumer products especially in cosmetics such as high sun protection factor creams in order to protect the skin from UV light. In spite of its increased production and use there is not enough epidemiological data regarding TiO 2 nanoparticle toxicity. Toxic effects of TiO 2 nanoparticles on human reproductive systems have been investigated by many studies mostly by employing animal models, but results are extremely conflicted and inconsistent. In this review we summarized published data about the effects of TiO 2 nanoparticle on male and female reproductive systems to clarify its possible toxic effects on reproduction and fertility.
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