Effects of tin(IV) chloride and of organotin compounds on aquatic micro‐organisms

Search for triorganotins along the Mar del Plata (Argentina) marine coast: finding of tributyltin in egg capsules of a snail Adelomelon brasiliana (Lamarck, 1822) population showing imposex effects

“…12 On the other hand, we have previously reported the deleterious effect of tributyltin chloride (TBT) on Euglena gracilis and Chlorella sp., two freshwater microorganisms. 13 The observed effects (measured by growth rate and chlorophyll content) were concentration dependent. Further research using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed a TBT concentration dependence of the cell damage (A. Nudelman et al, unpublished results).…”

Cu(I)-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Allyl Furans and Thiophenes Using Organostannanes

“…A small increase in yield was observed by increasing the temperature (entries 13,14); some recovery of the reagent was observed after 1 hour but on longer reaction times at 90°C decomposition of both, the reactant and the coupling product, occurs (Table 1, entries 15, 16). Under these reaction conditions, no homocoupling of stannane was observed and the only side-products were furan or thiophene and Bu 3 SnX.…”

“…10,11 The use of catalytic amounts of CuX in the presence NaCl was recently reported 12 and we have previously described a Cu(I) catalyzed methodology for C-C bond formation using α-heteroactivated-aliphatic stannyl derivatives. 13 Nevertheless in spite of the potential utility of the use of Cu(I) as unique catalyst, this modification to the Stille reaction 14 have not been examined for the synthesis of allyl-substituted furans and thiophenes. The present paper reports the cross-coupling of 2-(tributyl stannyl)furan and 2-(tributylstannyl)thiophene with allyl halides in the presence of catalytic amount of CuCl (10 mol%) (without any Pd catalyst) as an efficient method for the synthesis of allyl-substituted furans and thiophenes (Scheme 1).…”

Speciation of Metals and Metalloids in Biological Systems

“…The extensive debutylation observed with C. vulgaris may explain its greater tolerance to organotin toxicity. Nudelman et al (1998) have examined the effects of tetrabutyltin (TeBT), TBT and tributyltin oxide (TBTO) on the aquatic alga Uchlorella kessleri and the euglenoid Euglena gracillis, both tolerant of metal and organic pollutants. They found that the growth of both was inhibited in the presence of TBT and TBTO.…”