Effects of Timolol and Betaxolol on Choroidal Blood Flow in the Rabbit

Kiel, Jeffrey W.; Patel, Pavan

doi:10.1006/exer.1998.0553

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Thus, the present and previous (Bergua et al, 1996) data suggest ICNs as a source of innervation of choroidal blood vessels, in addition to pterygopalatine neurons. Changes in choroidal blood flow may influence intraocular pressure (Bill, 1984; Nilsson et al, 1985; Fitzgerald et al, 1990; Gherezghiher et al, 1991; Kiel and Lovell, 1996; Findl et al, 1997; Kiel and Patel, 1998; Schmid et al, 1999). Thus, ICNs may play a significant role in IOP regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic choroidal neurons in the duck eye express galanin

Schrödl¹,

Brehmer²,

Neuhuber³

2000

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Recently, it has been shown that the choroid of the duck eye harbours approximately 1,000 intrinsic choroidal neurons positive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Their connections and functional significance are largely unknown. This study was performed to establish a typical chemical code for these neurons and to define their targets by using immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Almost all intrinsic choroidal neurons coexpressed galanin (GAL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)/NADPH-diaphorase. A few stained for GAL and/or nNOS only. Among extrinsic ganglia, GAL/VIP/nNOS coexpressing neurons were only found in the pterygopalatine ganglion where they accounted for approximately 30% of the neuronal population. Thus, GAL/VIP/nNOS-positive nerve fibres around branches of the ciliary artery and within the nonvascular smooth muscle stroma of the choroid may originate mainly from intrinsic neurons and to some extent in a subpopulation of pterygopalatine ganglionic neurons exhibiting the same chemical coding. Close contacts of GAL-positive fibres upon intrinsic choroidal neurons may indicate reciprocal connections between them. Thus, intrinsic choroidal neurons may represent peripherally displaced pterygopalatine ganglion neurons forming a local network for regulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle tone in the duck choroid. They may be integrated in the neuronal circuitry controlling intraocular pressure, choroidal thickness, accommodation, and axial bulbus length.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic choroidal neurons in the duck eye express galanin

Schrödl¹,

Brehmer²,

Neuhuber³

2000

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…We have demonstrated that stimulation of α-adrenergic receptor agonists on the vortex vein region of the choroid produced vasoconstriction 20. Work in the rabbit has shown that neither betaxolol nor timolol had a significant effect on choroidal pressure-flow relationships, but that both do reach the systemic circulation 34. Work on the posterior ciliary microarteries (many of them flowing through the choroid) demonstrated that these particular vessels do not have appreciable β-adrenergic receptor activity.…”

Section: Sympathetic Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Topical administration of adrenergic receptor pharmaceutics and nerve growth factor

Steinle¹

2010

OPTH

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Topical application of nerve growth factor (NGF) and adrenergic receptor pharmaceutics are currently in use for corneal ulcers and glaucoma. A recent interest in the neuroprotective abilities of NGF has led to a renewed interest in NGF as a therapeutic for retinal and choroidal diseases. NGF can promote cell proliferation through actions of the TrkA receptor or promote apoptosis through receptor p75NTR. This understanding has led to novel interest in the role of NGF for diseases of the posterior eye. The role of β-adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists for treatments of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and their potential mechanisms of action, are still under investigation. This review discusses the current knowledge and applications of topical NGF and adrenergic receptor drugs for ocular disease.

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Microcirculation of the Ocular Fundus

Riva

Schmetterer

2008

Comprehensive Physiology

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Effects of Timolol and Betaxolol on Choroidal Blood Flow in the Rabbit

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Intrinsic choroidal neurons in the duck eye express galanin

Intrinsic choroidal neurons in the duck eye express galanin

Topical administration of adrenergic receptor pharmaceutics and nerve growth factor

Microcirculation of the Ocular Fundus

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