Effects of timing of vaccination relative to weaning and post-weaning frequency of energy supplementation on growth and immunity of beef calves1

Silva, Gleise M; Poore, M. H.; Ranches, Juliana; Moriel, Philipe

doi:10.1093/jas/skx021

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Therefore, we analyzed plasma concentrations of Hp as a marker of post-weaning inflammatory response of beef heifers. Plasma Hp concentrations peaked on d 3, and gradually decreased on d 7, relative to weaning, which agrees with previous studies [ 11 , 40 ]. However, the lack of provision of artificial shade during the pre-weaning phase did not attenuate the inflammatory response of beef heifers during the weaning period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Artificial shade as a heat abatement strategy to grazing beef cow-calf pairs in a subtropical climate

et al. 2023

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Grazing livestock in subtropical and tropical regions are susceptible to prolonged exposition to periods of extreme environmental conditions (i.e., temperature and humidity) that can trigger heat stress (HS). Currently, there is limited information on the effects of HS in the cow-calf sector globally, including in the southern U.S., as well as on mitigation strategies that could be implemented to improve animal well-being and performance. This study evaluated the impact of artificial shade (SHADE vs. NO SHADE) and breed (ANGUS vs. BRANGUS) on performance of pregnant-lactating cows, nursing heifers, and their subsequent offspring. Twenty-four Angus and 24 Brangus black-hided cows [579 ± 8 kg body weight (BW); approximately 85 d of gestation] and their nursing heifers (approximately 174 d of age) were randomly allocated to 12 ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass pastures (Paspalum notatum Flüggé; 1.3 ha, n = 4 pairs/pasture), with or without access to artificial shade [NO SHADE BRANGUS (NSB), NO SHADE ANGUS (NSA), SHADE BRANGUS (SB), and SHADE ANGUS (SA)] for 56 d that anticipated weaning during the summer season in Florida. Body condition score (BCS) of cows, blood samples, and BW of cow-calf pairs were obtained every 14 d during the 56-d experimental period until weaning. Following weaning (d 56), treatments were ceased, and cows and weaned heifers were managed alike. Weaned heifers were randomly allocated to 4 pens (n = 12/pen) equipped with GrowSafe feed bunks for 14 d to assess stress responses during weaning via plasma haptoglobin. An effect of SHADE × BREED interaction was detected for cow ADG, BW change, final BW, and final BCS, where SB had the greatest ADG, BW change, final BW, and final BCS. On d 14, SA cows had the greatest concentrations of insulin whereas on d 28 NSB had the lowest concentrations, NSA the greatest, and SA and SB being intermediate. On d 56, SA tended to have the greatest plasma insulin concentrations and SB the lowest. Weight gain per area (kg/ha) tended to be 11.4 kg/ha greater in SHADE vs. NO SHADE pastures. Pre-weaning calf ADG tended to be 0.14 kg greater for SHADE vs. NO SHADE calves. Weaning weight and BW at 14-d post-weaning were lesser for NSB vs. NSA, SA, and SB, whereas no differences in postweaning ADG or haptoglobin were observed. Effects of SHADE × BREED × day interaction was detected on plasma concentrations of IGF-1, in which NSA heifers had the lowest concentrations on weaning day. Gestation length was greater for SHADE vs. NO SHADE cows, but with no impacts on subsequent calf birth and weaning weight. In summary, providing artificial shade to pregnant-lactating beef cows increased body weight gain of nursing heifers and Brangus cows, while no impact on Angus dams were observed. The provision of artificial shade during the first trimester of gestation did not alter growth performance of the subsequent offspring at birth and weaning even though gestation length was longer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Artificial shade as a heat abatement strategy to grazing beef cow-calf pairs in a subtropical climate

et al. 2023

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“…The lambs included in this work likely suffered repetitive episodes of hyperthermia and decreased daily intake, which could have affected ADG and absolute weight at the end of the experiment. In fact, the acute-phase response elicited by vaccination is essential for optimal development of the immune response [ 21 , 22 ]. This response increases nutrient demands so they are redistributed to support the immune system instead of growing, which may lead to reduced growth performance and feed efficiency [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Performance and Clinicopathological Analyses in Lambs Repetitively Inoculated with Aluminum-Hydroxide Containing Vaccines or Aluminum-Hydroxide Only

Miguel

Asín

Rodríguez‐Largo

et al. 2021

Animals

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Aluminum (Al) hydroxide is an effective adjuvant used in sheep vaccines. However, Al-adjuvants have been implicated as potential contributors to a severe wasting syndrome in sheep—the so-called ovine autoimmune-inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome). This work aimed to characterize the effects of the repetitive injection of Al-hydroxide containing products in lambs. Four flocks (Flocks 1–4; n = 21 each) kept under different conditions were studied. Three groups of seven lambs (Vaccine, Adjuvant-only, and Control) were established in each flock. Mild differences in average daily gain and fattening index were observed, indicating a reduced growth performance in Vaccine groups, likely related to short-term episodes of pyrexia and decreased daily intake. Clinical and hematological parameters remained within normal limits. Histology showed no significant differences between groups, although there was a tendency to present a higher frequency of hyperchromatic, shrunken neurons in the lumbar spinal cord in the Adjuvant-only group. Although Al-hydroxide was linked to granulomas at the injection site and behavioral changes in sheep, the results of the present experimental work indicate that injected Al-hydroxide is not enough to fully reproduce the wasting presentation of the ASIA syndrome. Other factors such as sex, breed, age, production system, diet or climate conditions could play a role.

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“…On d 188, calves were administered a booster vaccination of Bovi Shield Gold One Shot (2 mL subcutaneous; Zoetis) and Ultrabac 7 (2 mL subcutaneous; Zoetis). This vaccination protocol was utilized to stimulate an immune response [28][29][30]. Additional details on management, diets and the complete nutrient analysis have been previously reported [22].…”

Section: Animals and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of maternal gestational diet, with or without methionine, on muscle transcriptome of Bos indicus-influenced beef calves following a vaccine-induced immunological challenge

et al. 2021

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Maternal nutrition during gestation can cause epigenetic effects that translate to alterations in gene expression in offspring. This 2-year study employed RNA-sequencing technology to evaluate the pre- and post-vaccination muscle transcriptome of early-weaned Bos indicus-influenced beef calves born from dams offered different supplementation strategies from 57 ± 5 d prepartum until 17 ± 5 d postpartum. Seventy-two Brangus heifers (36 heifers/yr) were stratified by body weight and body condition score and assigned to bahiagrass pastures (3 heifers/pasture/yr). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures and consisted of (i) no pre- or postpartum supplementation (NOSUP), (ii) pre- and postpartum supplementation of protein and energy using 7.2 kg of dry matter/heifer/wk of molasses + urea (MOL), or (iii) MOL fortified with 105 g/heifer/wk of methionine hydroxy analog (MOLMET). Calves were weaned on d 147 of the study. On d 154, 24 calves/yr (8 calves/treatment) were randomly selected and individually limit-fed a high-concentrate diet until d 201. Calves were vaccinated on d 160. Muscle biopsies were collected from the same calves (4 calves/treatment/day/yr) on d 154 (pre-vaccination) and 201 (post-vaccination) for gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing. Molasses maternal supplementation led to a downregulation of genes associated with muscle cell differentiation and development along with intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathway) compared to no maternal supplementation. Maternal fortification with methionine altered functional gene-sets involved in amino acid transport and metabolism and the one-carbon cycle. In addition, muscle transcriptome was impacted by vaccination with a total of 2,396 differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.05) on d 201 vs. d 154. Genes involved in cell cycle progression, extracellular matrix, and collagen formation were upregulated after vaccination. This study demonstrated that maternal supplementation of energy and protein, with or without, methionine has long-term implications on the muscle transcriptome of offspring and potentially influence postnatal muscle development.

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Effects of timing of vaccination relative to weaning and post-weaning frequency of energy supplementation on growth and immunity of beef calves1

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Artificial shade as a heat abatement strategy to grazing beef cow-calf pairs in a subtropical climate

Artificial shade as a heat abatement strategy to grazing beef cow-calf pairs in a subtropical climate

Growth Performance and Clinicopathological Analyses in Lambs Repetitively Inoculated with Aluminum-Hydroxide Containing Vaccines or Aluminum-Hydroxide Only

Effects of maternal gestational diet, with or without methionine, on muscle transcriptome of Bos indicus-influenced beef calves following a vaccine-induced immunological challenge

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