Effects of Time of Aeration, Bin Size, and Latitude on Insect Populations in Stored Wheat: A Simulation Study

Flinn, Paul W.; Hagstrum, David W.; Muir, W. E.

doi:10.1093/jee/90.2.646

Cited by 61 publications

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“…The time required to cool a storage bin depends in part on the fan speed. An airßow rate of 0.0013 m 3 /s/m 3 (0.1 CFM/bu) is a standard recommendation for stored hard red winter wheat (Flinn et al 1997), in part because power costs will increase as airßow rates increase (Kline and Converse 1961). At this airßow rate, 120 h of temperatures below a speciÞed threshold are needed to cool a storage bin (Noyes et al 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have indicated that early aeration immediately after harvest may suppress insect pest populations (Reed and Harner 1998b). Flinn et al (1997) conducted a modeling study simulating aeration cooling when outside temperatures were at least 10ЊC below grain temperatures and showed that automatic cooling starting at harvest reduced rusty grain beetle populations compared with automatic cooling starting 1 September. Temperature data from three locations were used to drive the simulations: Tulsa, OK; Topeka, KS; and Sioux Falls, SD Detailed temperature information for the hard red winter wheat belt would be necessary to develop aeration management strategies for speciÞc climatic regions within this broad area.…”

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Aeration Management for Stored Hard Red Winter Wheat: Simulated Impact on Rusty Grain Beetle (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) Populations

Arthur

Flinn

2000

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Simulation studies were conducted to determine temperature accumulations below defined thresholds and to show the impact of controlled aeration on populations of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrigineus (Stephens), a major secondary pest of stored wheat, Triticum aestivum (L.). Recorded data from weather stations in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, eastern New Mexico, and eastern Colorado (356 total) were used to determine hours of temperature accumulation below 23.9 degrees C in June and July, 15.6 degrees C in September and October, and 7.2 degrees C in December. At an airflow rate of 0.0013 m3/s/m3 (0.1 cubic ft3/min/bu), which requires 120 h of temperatures below the specified threshold to complete an aeration cycle, summer cooling at 23.9 degrees C in bulk-stored wheat could be completed throughout the hard red winter wheat zone except for extreme southern Texas. An early-autumn cooling cycle at 15.6 degrees C could not be completed throughout most of Texas and Oklahoma before the end of September. The late-autumn cooling cycle could be completed in all states except Texas by the end of November. Five geographic regions were delineated and the times required for completion of the summer, early-autumn, and late-autumn cooling cycles within each region were estimated. Population growth of the rusty grain beetle was modeled for San Antonio, TX; Abilene, TX; Tulsa, OK; Topeka KS; and Goodland, KS, by predicting the numbers of adults in the top, outer middle, outer periphery, and the center of the bin during a 1-yr storage season. Populations of C. ferrugineus in San Antonio and Austin were predicted to exceed the Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) threshold of two beetles per kilogram of wheat in all four levels of the bin during late autumn, decline during the winter, and increase the following spring. In Midland, TX, and Oklahoma City, OK, populations were predicted to exceed the threshold only in the top and outer middle of the bin, whereas populations in the Kansas locations were not predicted to exceed the threshold at any time.

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Aeration Management for Stored Hard Red Winter Wheat: Simulated Impact on Rusty Grain Beetle (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) Populations

Arthur

Flinn

2000

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“…Ideally, the grain would also be aerated using an aeration controller to run fans during the night to cool the grain only when ambient air is cooler than the average grain temperature (Flinn et al 1997;Reed and Harner 1998a, b). This process can be started soon after harvest in some geographical regions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management

Hagstrum¹,

Flinn²

2014

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.

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“…A interação de A. lacunatus e A. calandrae como ferramenta do manejo integrado de pragas pode ser promissora, uma vez que esses inimigos naturais apresentam compatibilidade com o controle químico (inseticidas) e o físico (aeração), importantes métodos de controle de pragas de grãos armazenados (Baker & Weaver 1993, Flinn et al 1997, Scholler 1998, Gonçalves et al 2004). Além disso, tanto A. lacunatus quanto A. calandrae ocorrem em grãos e ambientes de armazenamento infestado por R. dominica, principalmente, na superfície da massa de grãos, onde existe maior concentração de insetos-praga e o acesso dos inimigos naturais é mais fácil (Scholler et al 1997).…”

Section: Resumo -A Interação Entre Acarophenax Lacunatusunclassified

Interação entre Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) e Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) sobre Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Gonçalves¹,

Faroni²,

Guedes³

et al. 2006

Neotrop. Entomol.

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-The interaction between Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) and Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) may be a promising tool for the integrated pest management of stored grain insect pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of these two natural enemies on Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius). The experimental units were petri dishes (140 x 10 mm) containing 30 g of whole wheat grains (13% water content) infested with 20 adults of R. dominica. The treatments consisted of inoculation of A. lacunatus and A. calandrae, separately and associated, in eight replicates. Three inoculations of fi ve adult females of the natural enemies were carried out in each petri dish at fi ve, ten and fi fteen days after the infestation of R. dominica. All treatments were stored during 60 days in environmental chamber at 30 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity and 24h scotophase. The smallest numbers of physogastric females of A. lacunatus and of adults of A. calandrae were obtained when the natural enemies were in association. The use of A. calandrae alone demonstrated a low instantaneous rate of increase (r i ) of R. dominica and a high protection of the wheat grains. The association of A. calandrae with A. lacunatus led to the lowest number of immatures of R. dominica. These results demonstrate the importance of this interaction as a tool of for the integrated management of R. dominica in stored wheat grains.

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Effects of Time of Aeration, Bin Size, and Latitude on Insect Populations in Stored Wheat: A Simulation Study

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Aeration Management for Stored Hard Red Winter Wheat: Simulated Impact on Rusty Grain Beetle (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) Populations

Aeration Management for Stored Hard Red Winter Wheat: Simulated Impact on Rusty Grain Beetle (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) Populations

Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management

Interação entre Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) e Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) sobre Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

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