Effects of Tillage and Mulch on Weed Biomass and Sweet Corn Yield

Mohler, Charles L.

doi:10.1017/s0890037x00027305

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The stronger reduction of vegetation cover found on the planting mounds may be attributed both to the more severe soil disturbance caused by the digging and mounding and to restriction of seedling emergence and arrival of new seeds to the soil surface by covering of the ground surface with wood chips. Our findings are consistent with those of field experiments that have demonstrated ploughing and mulching as means of controlling undesired competing vegetation (Mohler , ; Silvestri et al. ; Hobbs ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Post‐fire regeneration inMediterranean reforested sites as affected by mechanical site preparation: lessons for restoration

Hibsher

Moshe

Bney-Moshe

et al. 2013

Applied Vegetation Science

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Question The importance of silvicultural site preparation techniques in determining vegetation succession is increasingly recognized. We studied the effects of mechanical site preparation (MSP) on post‐fire vegetation regeneration within reforested sites in Mediterranean Israel. Location Upper Galilee region, Israel. Methods Vegetation cover and composition, ruderal species colonization and pine regeneration were monitored in four reforested sites for 3 yr following wildland fires that burned mature Pinus brutia and P. halepensis plantations. In each reforested site, a 50 m × 50 m monitoring area was assigned and measurements were conducted within five subplots (2 m × 50 m) encompassing three MSP patch types: ploughed patches (P), unploughed patches (UP) and planting mounds (M) that combined ploughing, pit digging and wood‐chip mulching. Results Recovery of vegetation cover (excluding pines) was rapid. The MSP patch type significantly affected vegetation cover in the first spring following the fire: cover was lowest on M, intermediate on P and highest on UP. However, these differences became minor by the third spring following the fire. Total woody species richness was not affected by MSP patch type, although there were minor effects on relative abundance of woody species. Two ruderal species were found, but their abundance became untraceable by the third year. Patterns of MSP effects on pine regeneration were similar for P. halepensis and P. brutia. Density of emerging seedlings of both pine species during the first year following the fire was significantly affected by MSP patch type: lower in P and M than in UP by more than 50% and 90%, respectively. However, emergence and/or survival during the following 2 yr was higher in P and M than in UP, with overall outcome of pine regeneration still about 50% lower in P and M than in UP. Conclusions The MSP treatments had only a minor, short‐term effect on post‐fire regeneration and colonization of vegetation, except for pine recruitment, which was more severely affected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Post‐fire regeneration inMediterranean reforested sites as affected by mechanical site preparation: lessons for restoration

Hibsher

Moshe

Bney-Moshe

et al. 2013

Applied Vegetation Science

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“…Our results suggest that the use of rice straw as mulch can suppress seedling emergence and weed growth [9,10,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. Herbicide is an important component for managing weeds in dry-seeded rice systems; however, herbicide alone may not provide complete and season-long weed control [1].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Use of Herbicide and Crop Mulch in Suppressing Weed Growth in a Dry-Seeded Rice System

Chauhan¹,

Abugho²

2013

AJPS

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Dry-seeded rice production systems are increasing in many Asian countries because of labor and water scarcities. However, weeds are the main biological constraints in these systems. Herbicides are widely used to manage weeds but they do not provide effective weed control. The use of crop residue as mulch can suppress weed emergence and weed biomass but mulch alone does not provide effective weed control. The integrated use of herbicide and mulch, however, could provide more effective and sustainable weed control in dry-seeded rice systems. A study was conducted in two consecutive rice growing seasons to evaluate the combined effect of herbicide (treated and nontreated) and rice straw mulch (0, 2, and 4 t·ha −1 ) on weed growth and rice yield in a dry-seeded rice system. In the nontreated plots, weed biomass decreased with increases in mulch amounts, whereas weed biomass in the herbicide-treated plots was similar at different mulch amounts. Overall, herbicide treatments provided better weed control than the mulch treatments. In the nontreated plots, grain yield was similar at different mulch amounts, whereas grain yield in the herbicide-treated plots was greater when the field was mulched with 4 t·ha −1 of rice straw than with no mulch or mulched with only 2 t·ha −1 of rice straw. The results suggest that integrated use of mulch and herbicides can help weed control and increase crop yield in dry-seeded rice.

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“…The presence of rye mulch in corn significantly reduced the emergence of white lamb's quarter, hairy crabgrass ( Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scap. ), common purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) (Mohler and Calloway 1992) and total weed biomass (Mohler 1991). However, crop residues alone may not be able to fully control weeds, e.g.…”

Section: Crop Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Management in Conservation Agriculture Systems

Singh

Barman

Singh

et al. 2014

Conservation Agriculture

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Conservation agriculture (CA) does have several advantages over conventional tillage (CT)-based agriculture in terms of soil health parameters. However, weeds are the major biotic constraint in CA, posing as a great challenge towards its adoption. The presence of weed seeds on the upper soil surface, due to no tillage operation, leads to higher weed infestation in CA, and so far, herbicides are the only answer to deal with this problem. Overreliance of herbicide use showed its consequence in terms of environmental pollution, weed shift and herbicide resistance development in weeds. Growing herbicide-tolerant crops using nonselective herbicides could be a broad-spectrum weed management technique to tackle weed shift, but the same is being resulted in the evolution of more problematic 'super weed'. These observations indicate the need of integrated weed management technologies involving the time tested cultural practices, viz. competitive crop cultivars, mulches, cover crops, intercrops with allelopathic potential, crop diversification, planting geometry, efficient nutrient, water management, etc., along with limited and site-specific herbicide application. The modern seeding equipment, e.g. 'Happy Seeder' technology, that helps in managing weeds through retention of crop residues as mulches, besides providing efficient seeding and fertilizer placement, shows the promise of becoming an integral part of CA system.

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Effects of Tillage and Mulch on Weed Biomass and Sweet Corn Yield

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Post‐fire regeneration inMediterranean reforested sites as affected by mechanical site preparation: lessons for restoration

Post‐fire regeneration inMediterranean reforested sites as affected by mechanical site preparation: lessons for restoration

Integrated Use of Herbicide and Crop Mulch in Suppressing Weed Growth in a Dry-Seeded Rice System

Weed Management in Conservation Agriculture Systems

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