Effects of Tidal Events on the Water Quality in the Merbok Estuary, Kedah, Malaysia

Fatema, Kaniz; Omar, Wan Maznah Wan; Isa, Mansor Mat

doi:10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26858

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The concentration of salinity indicates an increase from the early stage to the later. As reported by Fatema et al (2016), the water quality parameters, including salinity were significantly different between spring and neap tide events. This findings also aligned with studies by Uncles and Stephens (2011) and Purnaini, Sudarmadji and Purwono (2018).…”

Section: Salinity Variability Maps For Season 1 and Season 2 2019supporting

confidence: 59%

“…However, when heavy rains and high tides occur, the possibility for seawater to enter the river is very high due to rising sea levels. That is caused by the concentration of salinity is higher in this area (Fatema, Omar, & Isa, 2016). In addition, during this period, the river is used directly for the purpose of irrigating rice plants in the area.…”

Section: Salinity Variability Maps For Season 1 and Season 2 2019mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Water salinity variability mapping for flooded paddy plots at Kuala Kedah, Malaysia

et al. 2021

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Salinity is an essential parameter in rice cultivation activity. It has a significant impact on paddy growth and also the yield of paddy. However, the level of salinity concentration in paddy plots depends on the surrounding conditions. The distance of the paddy area from the coastline, the temperature and intensity of rainfall should be considered in studies involving water quality. Additionally, the tide of events is also included in this study because of the position of the study area near the coastline. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the level of salinity in two different rice cultivation seasons and describe the level of salinity concentration using a salinity variability map using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method. The data collection activities involved water sampling at 44 water inlets for each paddy plot in 30 hectares of the study area by referring to the Day After Sowing (DAS) as the paddy's growth stage. These water samples were collected on 10 DAS, 40 DAS, and 60 DAS and subsequently tested using a portable conductivity meter namely EC500 Exstick II pH/Conductivity/Temperature Meter. Parallelly, georeference data which is latitude, longitude and elevation were gathered using Garmin GPSMAP 64s. Then, these data were analyzed using the IDW interpolation method in ArcGIS software and comes with salinity variability maps. The produced maps give an overview of the salinity concentration distribution by color scale range. Based on these salinity variability maps, the highest salinity concentration was recorded on 10 DAS and 60 DAS during Season 1 2019 and Season 2 2019, respectively for both tidal events. This result shows that the salinity concentration trend for both seasons is different due to the amount of rainfall received and the position of the paddy plot compared to the mean temperature factor.

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Section: Salinity Variability Maps For Season 1 and Season 2 2019supporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Salinity Variability Maps For Season 1 and Season 2 2019mentioning

confidence: 93%

Water salinity variability mapping for flooded paddy plots at Kuala Kedah, Malaysia

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, the river absorbs heat from the tides flowing in from the sea. The inflow of sea water from downstream to upstream causes the water temperature to rise at high tide ( Fatema et al . 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment on Water Quality Parameter and Nutrients Level of Nyatuh River in Relations with Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn Populations

Kasan

Ikhwanuddin

Manan

et al. 2023

tlsr

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In order to determine the safety level of water parameters and nutrients in the natural environment of fish and freshwater prawn in Nyatuh River, Terengganu, Malaysia, it is necessary to conduct an assessment of water quality parameters. Due to its important, a study was conducted to assess the water quality parameter and nutrients contents from Nyatuh River of Setiu Terengganu in relations to the population of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii caught along the Nyatuh River basin. Total of four expeditions and five stations at different tidal condition for the water quality parameter were assessed during the study. From the results achieved, the overall temperature varied between (26.56°C–29.30°C), dissolved oxygen, DO (3.59 mg/L–6.50 mg/L), pH (4.99–7.01), salinity (0.01ppt–4.22ppt), depth (2.71 m–5.54 m) while for ammonia (0.01 mg/L–0.24 mg/L), nitrite (0.01 mg/L–0.05 mg/L) and phosphate (0.01 mg/L–0.12 mg/L). While the number of prawns caught are 176, 160, 102 and 68 for Expeditions 1, 2, 4 and 3, respectively. Possibly, the heterogeneous number of prawns caught is a result of significant differences in water level depth during high tides and low tides, as well as a fluctuation in the ammonia concentration levels in each of the stations and expeditions. For statistical analysis, the temperature showed no significant difference between the expedition, stations and tidal. That is p = 0.280, p > 0.05 and F = 1.206, respectively. While dissolved oxygen, DO, showed no significant difference as well, that is p = 0.714, p > 0.05 and F = 0.737. However, the level of water depth was significantly different between expedition, station and tidal, that is p = 0.000, p < 0.05 and F = 3.120. Ammonia, on the other hand shows no significant difference between expedition, station and tidal, that is p = 0.476, p > 0.05 and F = 0.973. The same goes for nitrite and phosphate concentration. There was no significant difference between expedition, stations and tidal, that is p = 0.569, p > 0.05 and F = 0.879 and p = 0.247, p > 0.05, F = 1.255, respectively. In Expedition 1, the good water quality parameter and very low ammonia concentration resulted in a larger prawn population as compared to other expeditions. The distribution or mixture of prawns caught is heterogeneous at different stations due to the significant differences in water depth and also to the fluctuation in water quality due to varying ammonia levels. In conclusion, the water quality in Nyatuh River fluctuated across expeditions, stations, and tides, as well as significant differences in water level depths between high and low tides. Due to the rapid growth and importance of industrial and aquaculture operations along the river, extra attention should be devoted to avoid the impact of excessive pollutant in order to protect the ecosystem.

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“…In addition, the tidal regime also aff ects the movement of pollutants and the dispersion of pollutants from diff erent discharge points (Kar et al, 2022). Fatema et al (2015) suggested that tidal activity has changed the temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphate in the river water environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Tidal Influence on Surface Water Quality – A Case Study in the Hau River Segment, Vietnamese Mekong Delta Province

Duong¹,

Le²,

Nguyen³

2022

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Effects of Tidal Events on the Water Quality in the Merbok Estuary, Kedah, Malaysia

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Water salinity variability mapping for flooded paddy plots at Kuala Kedah, Malaysia

Water salinity variability mapping for flooded paddy plots at Kuala Kedah, Malaysia

Assessment on Water Quality Parameter and Nutrients Level of Nyatuh River in Relations with Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn Populations

Seasonal and Tidal Influence on Surface Water Quality – A Case Study in the Hau River Segment, Vietnamese Mekong Delta Province

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