Effects of three phthalate esters on the life-table demography of freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas

Abstract

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are mainly used in the polymer industry as external plasticizers in PVC, and tend to migrate slowly out of the plastic, either into the air by volatilization or into water or other solvents by dissolution. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are three members of PAEs, identified as priority controlled hazardous substances by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and have been shown to have potential for endocrine disrupting effects on vertebrates and humans. The effects of DBP, BBP and DEHP on survival and reproduction of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus were studied using life-table demographic methods. The results showed that all the life-table demographic parameters of B. calyciflorus were markedly affected by DBP and BBP, but not by DEHP. The net reproductive rate representing the output of reproduction was more affected than all the other parameters representing population growth, development or survival of the rotifers. Compared to the solvent control, DBP and BBP, both at 500 lg l -1 , significantly increased the net reproductive rate, and prolonged the generation time and the life expectancy at hatching of the rotifers. DBP at 50 lg l -1 markedly decreased the intrinsic rate of population increase of the rotifers, but the reverse was true for BBP at 50 and 500 lg l -1 . Among all the parameters, the intrinsic rate of population increase was the most sensitive to DBP and BBP. The levels of PAEs in water from all the studied rivers and lakes in the world did not affect the population growth of rotifers.

Effects of mercury on the life table demography of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus under different algal food (Scenedesmus obliquus) densities

“…At 25°C and under toxicant free conditions, the B. calyciflorus clone used in the present study and cultured at 1.0 × 10 6 cells·mL − 1 of S. obliquus had a shorter life expectancy at hatching (96.0 h) and a lower net reproductive rate (13.5 offspring female − 1 ) than that used by Rámirez-Pérez et al and cultured at 1.5 × 10 6 cells·mL − 1 of C. vulgaris (282.5 h and 18.6 offspring female − 1 , respectively) [14]. The previous results showed that the B. calyciflorus clone with a shorter life expectancy at hatching and a lower net reproductive rate could be used to sensitively detect the intriguing effects of chlordecone, aldrin, DBP and BBP on the survival, reproduction and population growth of the rotifers [26][27][28].…”

“…In general, the sensitivity of life history variables of rotifers often varies with pollutant species. Huang et al and Zhao et al found that intrinsic rate of population increase is a sensitive endpoint [26,28], but Ferrando et al found that both net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of population increase are more sensitive than generation time and life expectancy at hatching [39]. Janssen et al found that net reproductive rate is more sensitive than intrinsic rate of population increase [24].…”

“…High concentrations of pollutants such as Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ and Hg 2+ significantly decreased the survival and reproduction of rotifers [14,16,24,25], but the reverse was also true for low concentrations of aldrin, chlordecone, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) [26][27][28]. At low food level (4.0 × 10 4 cells·mL − 1 of Ankistrodesmus falcatus), MeHg at 400-1600 ng·L −1 decreased the survivorship and reproduction of Daphnia pulex.…”

The multigenerational effects of water contamination and endocrine disrupting chemicals on the fitness of Drosophila melanogaster

“…Wastewater contains other estrogenic EDs such as ethinelestradiol (EE2) and phthalate esters (e.g., dibutyl phthalate). The effect of these EDs could also affect the generation time of D. melanogaster (Memmi & Atlı, ) or of other invertebrates such as Brachionus calyciflorus and Haliotis diversicolor (Huang, Sun, & Song, ; Zhao, Xi, Huang, & Zha, ) Zhao et al., ). Thus, despite H. pisttacorum ′s ability to remove ED (Ascuntar Ríos et al., ; Peña‐Salamanca et al., ), the treated wastewater could still contain these or other EDs in low amounts; this in turn would explain why the HSSF‐CW H. psittacorum ‐treated wastewater, with lower levels of BPA and NP, had an effect on development time.…”

Effects of Deltamethrin and Endosulfan on the Population Growth of Brachionus calyciflorus at Different Algal (Scenedesmus obliquus) Densities

“…S. obliquus were grown in a semi-continuous culture using HB-4 medium prepared by dissolving 200 mg ( [21]. Algae at the exponential growth stage were centrifuged and re-suspended in the hard synthetic freshwater.…”