Effects of Three Months of Detraining on the Health Profile of Older Women after a Multicomponent Exercise Program

Leitão, Luís; Pereira, Ana; Mazini, Mauro; Venturini, Gabriela Rezende de Oliveira; Campos, Yuri de Almeida Costa; Vieira, João Guilherme; Novaes, Jefferson; Vianna, Jéferson Macedo; Silva, Sandro da; Louro, Hugo

doi:10.3390/ijerph16203881

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The MHO panel at POST was unable to be maintained after 6 M and participants regressed to MUO (Figure 2). The decrease in the lipidic, glycaemic, and haemodynamic profiles found after 6 M of no supervision in the present study is consistent with other studies which used different populations and with alternate types of exercise, duration of intervention, and non-supervised time [36,41,42,50]. These negative effects may be secondary to detraining-induced gains in body fat, favouring a more inflammatory status, and decreased CRF, as observed in participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Metabolically Healthy Profile Is a Transient Stage When Exercise and Diet Are Not Supervised: Long-Term Effects in the EXERDIET-HTA Study

Corres

Fryer

Aguirre-Betolaza

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) is a regular state in people with primary hypertension (HTN), obesity, and who are physically inactive. To achieve and maintain a metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) state should be a main treatment goal. The aims of the study were (1) to determine differences in metabolic profiles of overweight/obese, physically inactive individuals with HTN following a 16-week (POST) supervised aerobic exercise training (SupExT) intervention with an attentional control (AC) group, and (2) to determine whether the changes observed were maintained following six months (6 M) of unsupervised time. Participants (n = 219) were randomly assigned into AC or SupExT groups. All participants underwent a hypocaloric diet. At POST, all participants received diet and physical activity advice for the following 6 M, with no supervision. All measurements were assessed pre-intervention (PRE), POST, and after 6 M. From PRE to POST, MUO participants became MHO with improved (p < 0.05) total cholesterol (TC, ∆ = −12.1 mg/dL), alanine aminotransferase (∆ = −8.3 U/L), glucose (∆ = −5.5 mg/dL), C-reactive protein (∆ = −1.4 mg/dL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) compared to unhealthy optimal cut-off values. However, after 6 M, TC, glucose, and SBP returned to unhealthy values (p < 0.05). In a non-physically active population with obesity and HTN, a 16-week SupExT and diet intervention significantly improves cardiometabolic profile from MUO to MHO. However, after 6 M of no supervision, participants returned to MUO. The findings of this study highlight the need for regular, systematic, and supervised diet and exercise programs to avoid subsequent declines in cardiometabolic health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Metabolically Healthy Profile Is a Transient Stage When Exercise and Diet Are Not Supervised: Long-Term Effects in the EXERDIET-HTA Study

Corres

Fryer

Aguirre-Betolaza

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Notwithstanding, the periodization in EFAM-UV©, and the accumulative effect of training on the long-term, still ensured a large and significant better cardiovascular capacity as compared to baseline (EV0), with a good retention even 14 weeks later. This is of paramount importance in this population, since the cardiovascular system is specially impaired with aging [ 6 , 55 , 58 ]. Blood pressure and fat mass were also improved in the long term, confirming these beneficial effects and supporting the contribution of MC cog TPs (i.e., EFAM-UV©) to neuroendocrine enhanced responses and better cardiovascular health [ 35 , 55 ], in line with aerobic interventions [ 40 , 55 ], and other EFAM-UV© studies [ 40 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short and Long-Term Trainability in Older Adults: Training and Detraining Following Two Years of Multicomponent Cognitive—Physical Exercise Training

Blasco-Lafarga

Cordellat

Forte

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Despite the benefits of multicomponent physical–cognitive training programs (MCCogTPs), lower training intensities in the concurrent approach, and bigger heterogeneity with aging, suggest the need for long-term analyses, with special attention to training and detraining in older adults. The present study aims to examine these training/detraining effects in a two year MCCogTP, looking for specific dynamics in the trainability of their physical and cognitive capacities. The intervention was divided into four periods: T1, T2 (8 months of training each), and D1, D2 (3.5 months of detraining plus 0.5 of testing each). Twenty-five healthy seniors (70.82 ± 5.18 years) comprised the final sample and were assessed for cardiovascular fitness (6-minutes walking test), lower-limbs strength (30-seconds chair-stand test) and agility (8-feet timed up-and-go test). Inhibition (Stroop test) was considered for executive function. Physical and cognitive status improved significantly (p < 0.05) throughout the two years, with larger enhancements for physical function (mainly strength and agility). Strength and cardiovascular fitness were more sensitive to detraining, whilst agility proved to have larger training retentions. Inhibition followed an initial similar trend, but it was the only variable to improve along D2 (d = 0.52), and changes were not significant within periods. Notwithstanding aging, and the exercise cessation in D2, physical and cognitive status remained enhanced two years later compared to baseline, except for lower-limb strength. According to these results, basic physical capacities are very sensitive to training/detraining, deserving continuous attention (especially strength). Both reducing detraining periods and complementary resistance training should be considered. Additionally, physical enhancements following MCcogTPs may help cognition maintenance during detraining.

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“…The partial or total interruption to habitual PA can lead to deterioration in several metabolic and functional outcomes in older adults. For example, 3 months of detraining has been shown to produce a decline in functional fitness, mental health, quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lipid, glycemic and haemodynamic profiles in physically active older adults [ 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, older adults who were regularly active before the pandemic should aim to maintain or increase their levels of PA to achieve recommended levels where possible, while complying with local and national regulations.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why physical activity matters for older adults in a time of pandemic

Cunningham

Sullivan

2020

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted communities across the world. Government responses, of promoting ‘social distancing’ at a population level, and ‘self-isolation’ of older adults to mitigate its spread have been unprecedented. Despite the importance of these Public Health and Social Measures (PHSM), they present challenges to maintaining a physically active lifestyle, particularly for older adults. Context The importance of physical activity (PA) for health is well documented. There is strong evidence that PA in later life reduces the risk of disease, helps to manage existing conditions, and develops and maintains physical and mental function. Staying physically active is particularly important for older adults currently. Implications and recommendations Research suggests that PHSM have already reduced levels of PA for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to COVID-19 many older adults were not engaging in enough PA to attain health benefits. Evidence indicates that there will be an increase in the number of older adults not meeting guidelines for PA due to the impacts of COVID-19. This has implications for population health and public health policy. How to support older adults to remain physically active during and after the COVID-19 crisis will require careful consideration. Going forward it is imperative that policy and practice support all older adults to achieve the recommended levels of PA to ensure that they are not disadvantaged in the short- but also in the longer term by the impact of COVID-19.

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Effects of Three Months of Detraining on the Health Profile of Older Women after a Multicomponent Exercise Program

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

A Metabolically Healthy Profile Is a Transient Stage When Exercise and Diet Are Not Supervised: Long-Term Effects in the EXERDIET-HTA Study

A Metabolically Healthy Profile Is a Transient Stage When Exercise and Diet Are Not Supervised: Long-Term Effects in the EXERDIET-HTA Study

Short and Long-Term Trainability in Older Adults: Training and Detraining Following Two Years of Multicomponent Cognitive—Physical Exercise Training

Why physical activity matters for older adults in a time of pandemic

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