Effects of Thioridazine on the Intellectual Performance of Mentally Retarded Drug Responders and Nonresponders

Chlorpromazine Effects on Stereotypic and Conditioned Behaviour of Severely Retarded Patients‐a Pilot Study

“…The suppression of performance on the operant conditioning task during chlorpromazine sessions is con^stent with other studies suggesting that a variety of anti-psychotic drugs can interfere with the learning performance of retarded persons (see Aman, 1984;Breuning & Davidson, 1981;Breuning et al, 1983;Wysocki et al, 1981). Given that the conditioning task was sensitive to drug effects and considering the low ability of our subjects (mean IQ-12), this type of task appears to be a promising index of learning although it is also very labour intensive.…”

Rétractation

“…La société allemande d'anesthésie et de soins intensifs a publié un communiqué condamnant sévèrement son comportement [6]. L'incapacité d'un chercheur à fournir ses documents sources a souvent été un argument majeur pour conclure à une fraude [7][8][9][10][11][12] ou la juger très probable [13], quel qu'en soit le motif invoqué : dossiers égarés lors d'un déménagement, effacement du disque dur, intervention de termites… Les exemples de cohortes complètement inventées ne manquent pas [10,11].…”

“…Certaines impossibilités matérielles sont assez facilement repérables : Breuning ou Cruz, par exemple, furent suspectés de fraude, car le nombre de patients inclus pendant une période donnée dépassaient largement le recrutement de leurs institutions [8,26] ; Sudbø parce que le responsable de la cohorte du Norwegian Radium Hospital savait qu'elle ne comportait pas, loin s'en faut, les 454 patients cancéreux prétendument inclus dans son étude [25].…”

A Critical Appraisal of Recent Drug Research in Mental Retardation: The Coldwater Studies

“…In an extension of this work, Breuning et al (1983) examined the effects of thioridazine on the IQ test performance of mentally retarded adults who were tested, as in the previous study, under standard and reinforcement conditions while on or off thioridazine. Of the 40 subjects included in the study, 20 had been determined clinically to be drug responders and the rest non-responders.…”

“…There has been a tendency at the institution concerned in the aforementioned studies to treat some of their residents with very high doses. For example, in terms of chlorphromazine equivalences, the mean doses used in , Breuning & Davidson (1981) and Breuning et al (1983) were 656, 752 and 417 mg/day, respectively, which are normally found only in the management of psychotic patients. In his own dose-response study, presented earlier, reported that doses above 2.5 and 4.3 mg/kg/day dramatically suppressed IQ and workshop behaviour, respectively, without apparent benefit to clinical behaviour.…”