Effects of thinning on the understory light environment of different stands and the photosynthetic performance and growth of the reforestation species Phoebe bournei

Abstract

Light levels determine regeneration in stands and a key concern is how to regulate the light environment of different stand types to the requirements of the understory. In this study, we selected three stands typical in south China (a Cryptomeria japonica plantation, a Quercus acutissima plantation, and a mixed stand of both) and three thinning intensities to determine the best understory light environment for 3-year-old Phoebe bournei seedlings. The canopy structure, understory light environment, and photosynthesis and growth indicators were assessed following thinning. Thinning improved canopy structure and understory light availability of each stand; species composition was the reason for differences in the understory light environment. Under the same thinning intensity, the mixed stand had the greatest light radiation and most balanced spectral composition. P. bournei photosynthesis and growth were closely related to the light environment; all three stands required heavy thinning to create an effective and sustained understory light environment. In a suitable understory light environment, the efficiency of light interception, absorption, and use by seedlings was enhanced, resulting in a higher carbon assimilation the main limiting factor was stomatal conductance. As a shade-avoidance signal, red/far-red radiation is a critical factor driving changes in photosynthesis and growth of P. bournei seedlings, and a reduction increased light absorption and use capacity and height: diameter ratios. The growth advantage transformed from diameter to height, enabling seedlings to access more light. Our findings suggest that the regeneration of shade-tolerant species such as P. bournei could be enhanced if a targeted approach to thinning based on stand type was adopted.