Effects of Thinning Blossom and Fruitlets on Growth and Cropping of Sunset Apple

Quinlan, J. D.; Preston, A. P.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1968.11514264

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The view that the number of cells created in the early post-pollination period determines apple size is widely held (Smith, 1950 ;Bain and Robertson, 1951 ;Westwood et al, 1967 ;Quinlan and Preston, 1968 ;Pratt, 1988 ;Marguery and Sangwan, 1993 ;Goffinet et al, 1995). Early-season fruit thinning increases fruit size and cell number, rather than cell size (Quinlan and Preston, 1968 ;Goffinet et al, 1995), and year-to-year variation in apple fruit size is linked most strongly to variation in cell number . The correlation between cell number and fruit size also holds for other fruit types (Roth, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compartment Model of the Effect of Early-season Temperatures on Potential Size and Growth of 'Delicious' Apple Fruits

Austin

1999

Annals of Botany

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A compartmental growth model was developed to describe expansion of ' Delicious ' apple fruit diameter and the effect of early-season temperatures on potential size at harvest. The model was based on the assumption that growth may be described as a function of transfer between two conceptual compartments. Under this scheme, the first compartment represented all tissue contributing to the setting of potential fruit size (determined as the integral of its output) whereas the second compartment represented all other fruit tissue whose growth actualized that potential. Expansion of both compartments was assumed to have a temperature response with an optimum, whereas an aging process with an asymptotic temperature response controlled transfer to the second compartment. Model parameters were estimated by fitting to data from controlled environment experiments in which early-season temperature conditions were varied. Predicted fruit growth curves showed close agreement with measured diameter data. The results were consistent with a two-fold impact of early-season temperatures on apple fruit size : an immediate, direct effect on growth rate and an enduring effect, mediated through fruit cell number or resource allocation to young fruit, reflecting the establishment of a potential that subsequent growth actualizes. # 1999 Annals of Botany Company

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compartment Model of the Effect of Early-season Temperatures on Potential Size and Growth of 'Delicious' Apple Fruits

Austin

1999

Annals of Botany

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“…Furthermore, it was suggested (Bertin, 1981;Stephenson, 1981) that there is a threshold seed number below which it is advantageous to abort fruits. However, this threshold may vary according to the plant's resources and the numher of developing fruits (Quinlan & Preston, 1968). The function of fruit abortion in wind pollinated dioecious perennials that have small green pericarps, such as aspen, is not clear unless there is a disadvantage in wind seed dispersal associated with fruits with low numbers of seeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, non-viable pollen grains may contribute cell exudates to tbe stigmatic surface which could affect the viable ones. Variation in pollen loading has been reported to lead to variation in seed number among fruits, wbich in turn leads to the higher probability of abortion of fruits with low seed number (Murneek, 1954;Quinlan & Preston, 1968;Sweet, 1973;Lee, 1980;Bertin, 1981;Gross & Werner, 1983;Cole & Frimage, 1984;McCall & Primack, 1985). Furthermore, it was suggested (Bertin, 1981;Stephenson, 1981) that there is a threshold seed number below which it is advantageous to abort fruits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of forest plant reproduction to long‐range transported air pollutants: the effects of wet deposited acidity and copper on reproduction of *Populus tremuloides**

Cox

1988

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYFew, if any, studies have been carried out that examine and relate /// vivo pollen germination following stimulated wet deposition of acidity and copper with various fruit and .seed .set parameters of trees. The methods used with inflorescences of a wind-pollinated tree, Populus tremuloides Michx., are reported here. The responses of components of the reproductive system to ruin simulants indicated significant (P < 0-05) overall response of;;/ vivo pollen germination to pH. The combined data demonstrated a significant (P < ()-()S) negative correlation between germination and pH. However, the response in the absence of copper showed no linear correlation because of a recovery at the lowest pH used (2-6). The eflect of simulated rain at the time of pollination was shown to inerease fruit abortion significantly. In addition, an overall significant negative correlation was found between fruit abortion and pH, but again in the absence of copper, fruit abortion recovered at the lowest pH (2-6). Seeds per fruit and percentage of placenta with full seeds were significantly reduced at pH 2-6 in the presence of 0-05 mg ]-' Cu compared with the control, lliese two seed set parameters were also significantly intercorrelated (P < 0-01) with fruit abortion suggesting that lack of seed set may be the cause of the abortion. The significant correlation of both in vivo pollen germination and fruit abortion with pH, especially in the presence of copper, supports the view that inhibition of the pollen on the stigma by the simulated rain is responsible for the lack of seed set above the required threshold that prevents fruit abortion.

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“…In other words, the final fruit count is a decreasing function of the initial bud count. We note in this context that, in agricultural circles, it has long been known that artificial thinning of inflorescences results in substantial decreases in fruit abortion (Quinlan & Preston 1968). If our hypothesis is correct then, in legumes at any rate, high seeds/pod represents one of the most widespread adaptations to the rigours of drier environments.…”

Section: Reproductive Behaviour In Arid Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive patterns in annual legume species on an aridity gradient

Ehrman

Cocks

1996

Vegetatio

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Reproductive patterns are analysed in annual legumes of west Asia, and their relationships to increasing aridity determined by multivariate analysis. Dormancy, seed size, dispersal and fecundity are shown to be partially substitutable in terms of their effect on survival and population growth.The range of patterns show greatest diversity under mesic conditions in coastal, mediterranean areas with high winter rainfall, low incidence of frost and long growing season. Increasing aridity leads to increasing reproductive homogeneity, in which a subset of patterns -those composed of high levels of seed dormancy, high seed to pod ratios, restricted dispersal capabilities and early flowering -become predominant. These findings corroborate earlier theoretical and empirical evidence concerning desert annuals.The majority of widespread species are shown to possess "arid-type" patterns. This exerts considerable influence on both the type and degree of ecotypic differentiation within species. The only feature that responds consistently to climatic change is flowering time, particularly among species characterized by high seed dormancy. In the few widespread species that do not display "arid-type" characteristics, ecotypic differentiation appears more frequently in a larger suite of traits.The unequal environmental demands made on species showing different levels of dormancy (e.g. variation in length of growing season from year to year and place to place) leads to strong asymmetries governing the relationships between reproduction and ecological amplitude. In this respect "arid-type" strategists with high seed dormancy appear to have greater chances of expansion than others. This has implications when choosing pasture legumes to improve mediterranean grasslands.

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Effects of Thinning Blossom and Fruitlets on Growth and Cropping of Sunset Apple

Cited by 55 publications

References 8 publications

A Compartment Model of the Effect of Early-season Temperatures on Potential Size and Growth of 'Delicious' Apple Fruits

A Compartment Model of the Effect of Early-season Temperatures on Potential Size and Growth of 'Delicious' Apple Fruits

Sensitivity of forest plant reproduction to long‐range transported air pollutants: the effects of wet deposited acidity and copper on reproduction of *Populus tremuloides**

Reproductive patterns in annual legume species on an aridity gradient

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Effects of Thinning Blossom and Fruitlets on Growth and Cropping of Sunset Apple

Cited by 55 publications

References 8 publications

A Compartment Model of the Effect of Early-season Temperatures on Potential Size and Growth of 'Delicious' Apple Fruits

A Compartment Model of the Effect of Early-season Temperatures on Potential Size and Growth of 'Delicious' Apple Fruits

Sensitivity of forest plant reproduction to long‐range transported air pollutants: the effects of wet deposited acidity and copper on reproduction of Populus tremuloides*

Reproductive patterns in annual legume species on an aridity gradient

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Sensitivity of forest plant reproduction to long‐range transported air pollutants: the effects of wet deposited acidity and copper on reproduction of *Populus tremuloides**