Effects of thickness, dopant type and doping levels of flexible nanoscale polyaniline films on responses to gases

Sinha, Manoranjan; Panda, Siddhartha

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/2/7/076401

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…SB was exposed to 500 ppm of O 2 in N 2 environment (figure not shown here) and shows a response time of 76 s and a response value at the saturated condition was 6.3, which was higher than response of CO 2 but very much lower than the response for NO 2 for the same analyte concentration. A similar response trend was observed with nanoscale PANI films where the observed response trend was explained with the use of the difference in the interaction barrier for the different analytes [26]. Sensitivity was determined from the variation in response for templated grown SB sensor as a function of the analyte concentration for NH 3 , NO 2 , and CO 2 , as shown in figures 6(a)-(c), respectively.…”

Section: Gas Sensing Performancesupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Limited tests were performed with O 2 using the templated SB based sensor. Details of the design and fabrication of the sensing chamber have been used as previously shown [26]. All measurements were conducted at a relative humidity (R H ) of 25% and at 25 • C. All measurements were done at least in triplicate and the error bars indicate one standard deviation.…”

Section: Gas Sensing Measurement and Electrical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the simulation, energy consideration also has been tested using Fermi Dirac statistics [26] utilizing Matlab R2010a.…”

Section: Simulation and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To support the simulation studies, energy analysis [26] was carried out for the test systems. All models were solved using MATLAB R2010a and percentage error was kept at less than 0.1% in all cases.…”

Section: Gas Sensing Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Templated growth of polyaniline for enhanced gas sensing response in flexible sensors: experiments and simulations

Sinha

Rana

Panda

2021

Flex. Print. Electron.

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Gas sensors using polyaniline structures fabricated from non-templated structures (homogeneous solution growth) and templated structures (heterogeneous growth using a functionalized substrate) have shown different sensing performances in the literature, and the sensing mechanism explaining variation of their sensing performance is not well understood. This is the motivation of the present work. In this study, camphor sulphonic acid doped polyaniline structures, synthesized utilizing both non-templated and templated growth approach, fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate substrates were used for gas sensing. The detailed characterizations of the sensing films were done by FE-SEM, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy and then the films were utilized for the sensing of NH 3 , CO 2 and NO 2 gases in N 2 medium. Vertical arrangement of the facile polyaniline structures in templated grown films was useful for gas sensing application. Gas sensing responses were studied and found to improve in comparison to that of non-templated structures. For both templated and non-templated grown films, a response trend was observed as NO 2 > NH 3 > CO 2 . Computational studies were performed and showed that templated grown structures formed cages due to entanglement of the functional groups, which were not seen with non-templated grown structures. Cages serve as the strong van der Waals dominated binding sites for the analytes due to the presence of the surrounding aromatic rings. In addition, with binding energy calculations, the sensing interactions for different analytes were observed to be higher for the templated grown films, compared to that of the non-templated grown ones. Also based on energy considerations, the barrier of interactions for the different analytes was studied for the templated grown films and the reason for the trend of preferential response to different analytes was explained through energy barrier consideration. Results from both simulations studies and experimental observations showed a similar response trend towards gas sensing.

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Section: Gas Sensing Performancesupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Gas Sensing Measurement and Electrical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the simulation, energy consideration also has been tested using Fermi Dirac statistics [26] utilizing Matlab R2010a.…”

Section: Simulation and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Sensing Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Templated growth of polyaniline for enhanced gas sensing response in flexible sensors: experiments and simulations

Sinha

Rana

Panda

2021

Flex. Print. Electron.

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“…In a previous work from our group, CSA-doped PANI was utilized for sensing a set of different gases such as NO 2 , NH 3 , CO 2 , N 2 and sensing mechanism was investigated. It was observed that the energy barrier of interaction between PANI with the gases plays a key role for selective sensing [52].…”

Section: Voc Sensing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-phthalocyanine modified doped polyaniline for VOC sensing applications

Sinha

Verma

Panda

2020

Flex. Print. Electron.

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The identification and measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is needed in a variety of applications including air quality monitoring, air pollution measurement, food quality monitoring, and breath analysis-based disease diagnosis etc. The monitoring of the VOCs related to different applications areas can ensure quality health and safety. Arrays of chemical sensors have the features to provide the required identification and measurement of the VOCs. Chemical sensors made from nanostructures of polyaniline (PANI) as the base sensing material have several advantages including tunable properties, room temperature sensing and the potential of being amenable to the printing processes. Metal (M) phthalocyanines (Pc), on account of different cavity structures, have the ability to selectively interact with different gases. In the reported studies most of the MPcs have been noncovalently deposited on the sensing platforms, or attached with the base polymer via π-π conjugation. The covalent bonding of MPcs with the sensing polymer may have several possible advantages including stability (no leaching or evaporation of the compounds), well-defined available interfaces for interaction and a longer operational lifetime. In this work, the camphor sulphonic acid (CSA) doped PANI nanostructures were covalently bonded with six metal embedded phthalocyanines (Cu-Pc, Mn-Pc, Zn-Pc, Fe-Pc, Ni-Pc and Co-Pc) and investigated as the sensor materials for the sensing of four VOCs: acetone, isopropanol, ethanol and formaldehyde, in a 150-500 ppb concentration range. The resultant chemical sensor array response in terms of relative change in resistance of the sensing materials upon VOC exposure was analysed using principal component analysis, which resulted in clear discrimination among the subjected VOCs, thus making it useful for selective VOC sensing applications.

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Gas sensing behavior of metal-phthalocyanines: Effects of electronic structure on sensitivity

2018

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Effects of thickness, dopant type and doping levels of flexible nanoscale polyaniline films on responses to gases

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Templated growth of polyaniline for enhanced gas sensing response in flexible sensors: experiments and simulations

Templated growth of polyaniline for enhanced gas sensing response in flexible sensors: experiments and simulations

Metal-phthalocyanine modified doped polyaniline for VOC sensing applications

Gas sensing behavior of metal-phthalocyanines: Effects of electronic structure on sensitivity

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