Effects of thermal model and base temperature on estimates of thermal time to bud break in white spruce seedlings

Man, Rongzhou; Lu, Pengxin

doi:10.1139/x10-129

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Given the broadleaf responses to warming and their thermal requirements for budbreak, we believe that broadleaves would have been damaged during the recent warming-freezing events in the boreal forest that caused wide spread damage to conifers (Man et al 2009(Man et al , 2013a. The average time to budbreak in the nonwarmed control of the 3 broadleaf species was close to 50% to 60% of the values found for white spruce (Man and Lu, 2010), which is one of early flushing boreal conifers (O'Reilly and Parker 1982;Man et al 2009). According to our results, postwarming freezing damage varies not only with warming (dehardening) level and species, but also with season (i.e., temperature environment).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Trembling aspen, balsam poplar, and white birch respond differently to experimental warming in winter months

Man

Colombo

et al. 2014

Can. J. For. Res.

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Climatic warming may increase temperature variability, especially in winter months, leading to increased risk of early loss of cold hardiness and therefore freezing damage. In this study, changes in cold hardiness (measured based on electrolyte leakage), budbreak, and survival were used to indicate the responses of seedlings of 3 boreal broadleaf species O trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), balsam poplar (P. balsamifera L.), and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) O to experimental warming. Seedling responses were greater in winter (January) and spring (March) than fall (November), and were greater in trembling aspen and balsam poplar than white birch. Warming for 5 or 10 days at 16°C day/-2°C night with a 10-h photoperiod in winter and spring generally reduced cold hardiness. Combined with freezing temperatures in the postwarming ambient environment, this reduction increased seedling mortality and stem dieback and extended time to budbreak. Cold hardiness increased somewhat 10 days after seedlings were returned to the outdoor environment following warming in spring, when ambient temperatures were less damaging. The resistance of white birch to warming, likely because of its greater thermal requirement for budbreak and slower natural dehardening, suggests that this species is better suited to withstand increasing winter temperature variability that might occur under climate change. To improve the accuracy of phenological modelling, the effects of winter freezing on budbreak should be factored in.Résumé : Il est possible que le réchauffement climatique accentue les variations de température, particulièrement durant les mois d'hiver, augmentant ainsi les risques de perte hâtive de la résistance au froid et par conséquent de dommages dus au gel. Dans cette étude, les changements dans la résistance au froid (mesurée via la perte d'électrolytes), le débourrement et la survie ont été utilisés pour connaître la réaction des semis de trois espèces feuillues boréales, le peuplier faux-tremble (Populus tremuloides Michx.), le peuplier baumier (P. balsamifera L.) et le bouleau blanc (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), à un réchauffement expérimental. La réaction des semis était plus forte en hiver (janvier) et au printemps (mars) qu'à l'automne (novembre) et plus forte chez le peuplier faux-tremble et le peuplier baumier que chez le bouleau blanc. Un réchauffement pendant 5 à 10 jours à 16°C le jour et -2°C la nuit, avec une photopériode de 10 heures en hiver et au printemps, a généralement réduit la résistance au froid. Combinée à des températures sous le point de congélation dans le milieu ambiant après le réchauffement, cette réduction a augmenté la mortalité des semis ainsi que le dépérissement de la tige et a prolongé la durée de la période qui précède le débourrement. La résistance au froid s'est quelque peu intensifiée 10 jours après que les semis eurent été replacés à l'extérieur à la suite d'un réchauffement au printemps lorsque les températures ambiantes étaient moins dommageables. La résistance du bouleau b...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…. Time to budbreak of live seedlings was determined as thermal sum of cumulative growing degree hours above the 0°C threshold (Snyder et al 1999;Man and Lu 2010) since the beginning of the year (Colombo 1998) using Environment Canada data for Sault Ste. Marie.…”

Section: Warming Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trembling aspen, balsam poplar, and white birch respond differently to experimental warming in winter months

Man

Colombo

et al. 2014

Can. J. For. Res.

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“…During "winter period 2" (phase 2), growing degree days (GDD) start to accumulate. We computed the accumulation of GDD by summing the mean daily temperature values over 3 • C (Nitschke and Innes, 2008;Man and Lu, 2010). MAIDEN simulates budburst (i.e., the transition from phenological phase 2 to 3) either when the GDD sum threshold is reached (parameter GDD1) or when a selected day of the year related to photoperiod is passed (parameter vegphase23).…”

Section: Modeling Carbon Allocation To the Stem (Dstem) In Boreal Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiological modeling of photosynthesis and carbon allocation to the tree stem in the boreal forest

Gennaretti

Gea‐Izquierdo²,

Boucher³

et al. 2017

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. A better understanding of the coupling between photosynthesis and carbon allocation in the boreal forest, together with its associated environmental factors and mechanistic rules, is crucial to accurately predict boreal forest carbon stocks and fluxes, which are significant components of the global carbon budget. Here, we adapted the MAIDEN ecophysiological forest model to consider important processes for boreal tree species, such as nonlinear acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature changes, canopy development as a function of previous-year climate variables influencing bud formation and the temperature dependence of carbon partition in summer. We tested these modifications in the eastern Canadian taiga using black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) gross primary production and ring width data. MAIDEN explains 90 % of the observed daily gross primary production variability, 73 % of the annual ring width variability and 20-30 % of its high-frequency component (i.e., when decadal trends are removed). The positive effect on stem growth due to climate warming over the last several decades is well captured by the model. In addition, we illustrate how we improve the model with each introduced model adaptation and compare the model results with those of linear response functions. Our results demonstrate that MAIDEN simulates robust relationships with the most important climate variables (those detected by classical response-function analysis) and is a powerful tool for understanding how environmental factors interact with black spruce ecophysiology to influence present-day and future boreal forest carbon fluxes.

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“…Effect of temperature Seedlings subjected to warmer temperatures showed earlier bud breaks. If chilling requirements are met, the process of leafing is activated after reaching the species-specific accumulation of heat sums (Man and Lu 2010). However, the forcing rate, i.e.…”

Section: Effect Of Provenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Local adaptations and climate change: converging sensitivity of bud break in black spruce provenances

Rossi

2014

Int J Biometeorol

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Species with transcontinental distribution or spread over wide geographical regions develop populations with growth traits genetically adapted to the local climate. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecotypic sensitivity of bud break, a strong adaptive trait, to a changing environment. Six phenological phases of bud break were monitored daily on black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] seedlings submitted to different temperatures (12, 16 and 20 °C) and photoperiods (14, 18 and 22 h). Six provenances were tested in growth chambers, produced from seeds collected along the whole latitudinal range of the closed boreal forest in Quebec, Canada. Bud break lasted 13.3 days on average and occurred earlier in seedlings from colder sites. The annual temperature of the sites suitably tracked the clinal variation among ecotypes, providing a clear biological explanation for the environmental signal driving the adaptive divergence of populations to the local climate. Increasing temperature induced an earlier bud break according to a non-linear pattern with greater advancements observed between 12 and 16 °C. Photoperiod was significant, but sensitivity analysis indicated that its effect on bud break was marginal with respect to temperature. No interaction of provenance × treatment was observed, demonstrating an ecotypic convergence of the responses to both factors. Changes in the growing conditions could substantially modify the synchronization between bud phenology and climate, thus exposing the developing meristems of black spruce to frost damage. However, similar advancements of bud break could be expected in the different ecotypes subjected to warmer temperatures or longer day lengths.

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Effects of thermal model and base temperature on estimates of thermal time to bud break in white spruce seedlings

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Trembling aspen, balsam poplar, and white birch respond differently to experimental warming in winter months

Trembling aspen, balsam poplar, and white birch respond differently to experimental warming in winter months

Ecophysiological modeling of photosynthesis and carbon allocation to the tree stem in the boreal forest

Local adaptations and climate change: converging sensitivity of bud break in black spruce provenances

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