Effects of thermal evolution on the stoichiometric responses to nano-ZnO under warming are not general: insights from experimental evolution

Zhang, Chao; Meester, Luc De; Stoks, Robby

doi:10.1007/s10646-020-02165-9

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Additionally, under global warming, exposure to elevated temperatures may be a key stressor. So far, the combined effect of toxicants and warming was often investigated by space for time substitution where temperature did not act as a stressor because the populations were already adapted to the respective thermal conditions. − If, on the other hand, a directional change in temperature was assumed, temperature-induced stress is to be expected through adaptation processes at the level of individuals and communities …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Stress Reduces the Advantage of Pesticide Adaptation

Siddique

Shahid

Liess

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Under global change scenarios, multistress conditions may occur regularly and require adaptation. However, the adaptation to one stressor might be associated with the increased sensitivity to another stressor. Here, we investigated the ecological consequences of such trade-off under multiple stress. We compared the pesticide tolerance of the crustacean Gammarus pulex from agricultural streams with populations from reference streams. Under optimum temperature, G. pulex from agricultural streams were considerably more tolerant to pesticides as compared to the reference populations. Here, we assume that the increased tolerance in agricultural populations is the combination of acclimation, epigenetic effect, and genetic evolution. After experimental pre-exposure to very low concentration (LC50/1000), reference populations showed increased pesticide tolerance. In contrast, pre-exposure did not further increase the tolerance of agricultural populations. Moreover, these populations were more sensitive to elevated temperature alone due to the hypothesized fitness cost of genetic adaptation to pesticides. However, both reference and agricultural populations showed a similar tolerance to the combined stress of pesticides and warming due to stronger synergistic effects in adapted populations. As a result, pesticide adaptation loses its advantage. The combined effect was predicted well using the stress addition model, developed for predicting the synergistic interaction of independent stressors. We conclude that under multistress conditions, adaptation to pesticides reduces the general stress capacity of individuals and trade-off processes increase the sensitivity to additional stressors. This causes strong synergistic effects of additional stressors on pesticide-adapted individuals.

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