Effects of Therapeutic Probiotics on Modulation of microRNAs

Abstract

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that exist within the human gut, and which are also present in different food products and supplements. They have been investigated for some decades, due to their potential beneficial impact on human health. Probiotics compete with pathogenic microorganisms for adhesion sites within the gut, to antagonize them or to regulate the host immune response resulting in preventive and therapeutic effects. Therefore, dysbiosis, defined as an impairment in the gut microbiota, could play a role in various pathological conditions, such as lactose intolerance, gastrointestinal and urogenital infections, various cancers, cystic fibrosis, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, and can also be caused by antibiotic side effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner. miRNAs are biochemical biomarkers that play an important role in almost all cellular signaling pathways in many healthy and disease states. For the first time, the present review summarizes current evidence suggesting that the beneficial properties of probiotics could be explained based on the pivotal role of miRNAs.

Interplays between human microbiota and microRNAs in COVID-19 pathogenesis: a literature review

“…Interplays between microbiota and miRNAs have been reported in several lung diseases 62 , implicating the beneficial effects of probiotics on the modulation of miRNAs. Thus, the administration of probiotics may function through several signaling pathways, resulting in the prevention and treatment of various pathological conditions 63 . As microbiome dysbiosis is linked with the severity of COVID-19, the implication of probiotics in modulating the severity has been suggested as a promising weapon against COVID-19 24,25, 64 .…”

Placenta-Derived MicroRNAs in the Pathophysiology of Human Pregnancy

“…Most miRNAs are transcribed as precursors (either pri-miRNA or pre-mRNA) before capping and polyadenylation, and their biogenesis requires several enzymes, including Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer, and Argonaute (Ago) 2 ( Donker et al, 2007 ). In recent years, the remarkable roles of miRNAs in cellular proceedings under healthy or diseased conditions have been increasingly recognized ( Aghdam et al, 2019 ; Mirzaei and Hamblin, 2020 ; Sadri Nahand et al, 2020 ; Davoodvandi et al, 2021 ; Razavi et al, 2021 ). In particular, several studies have shown that knocking out the key enzymes in the miRNA processing results in embryonic arrest or even embryonic death ( Bernstein et al, 2003 ; Alisch et al, 2007 ; Suh et al, 2010 ), indicating the significance of miRNAs in the regulation of pregnant process.…”