Effects of theobromine addition on chemical and mechanical properties of a conventional glass ionomer cement

Abstract

In vitro effect of 1% theobromine addition on the physical and chemical properties of conventional glass ionomer (GIC) cement was investigated. Conventional GIC (GIC-C) and 1% theobromine added to GIC (GIC-THEO) specimens were compared regarding the microhardness (n = 10), sorption (n = 5), solubility (n = 5), color change (n = 10), fluoride release in saliva (n = 10) and the amount of biofilm deposition (n = 20). Compared against conventional GIC, adding 1% theobromine increased microhardness (p < 0.05), while its sorption, solubility, color and fluoride release to saliva (p > 0.05) remained unchanged. On the other hand, Streptococcus mutans biofilm amount deposited on its surface decreased statistically when theobromine was added to GIC (p < 0.05). Based on the results, it could be concluded that 1% theobromine addition to GIC can be a good strategy as it keeps some of its properties and improves microhardness and biofilm deposits strengthening its role in the preventive approach of dentistry.

Theobromine versus Casein phospho-peptide/Amorphous Calcium Phosphate with Fluoride as remineralizing agents: Effect on resin-dentine bond strength, microhardness, and morphology of dentine

“…Minimal-invasive dentistry involves the early diagnosis of carious lesions and a non-invasive treatment protocol [21]. With the preservation of the repairable CAD, this procedure involves the excavation of only the CID.…”

“…Theobromine-containing toothpaste was found to have dentinal tubules occluding ability when used for 1 week [19]. Moreover, theobromine has shown a signi cant antimicrobial effect and reduced Streptococcus mutans bio lm deposition [20,21]. These results showed a promising effect of theobromine as a remineralizing agent to dentine but to the best of our understanding, it has not yet been determined how its use would affect resin-dentine bond strength and microhardness.…”

Theobromine versus casein phospho-peptides/Amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride as remineralizing agents: effect on resin-dentine bond strength, microhardness, and morphology of dentine

“…Minimal-invasive dentistry involves the early diagnosis of carious lesions and a non-invasive treatment protocol [ 24 ]. With the preservation of the repairable CAD, this procedure involves the excavation of only the caries-infected dentine.…”

“…Theobromine-containing toothpaste was found to have dentinal tubules occluding ability when used for 1 week [ 22 ]. Moreover, theobromine has shown a significant antimicrobial effect and reduced Streptococcus mutans biofilm deposition [ 23 , 24 ]. These results showed a promising effect of theobromine as a remineralizing agent to dentine but to the best of our understanding, it has not yet been determined how its use would affect resin-dentine bond strength and microhardness.…”