Effects of the wind profile at night on wind turbine sound

Berg, Frits van den

doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2003.09.050

Cited by 138 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…However, wind turbine noise is often annoying at longer distances than these, see e.g. [11]. We did not increase the measurement distances (up to a few kilometers)…”

Section: Experimental Soundsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Listening Test Comparing A-Weighted and C-Weighted Sound Pressure Level as Indicator of Wind Turbine Noise Annoyance

Bolin¹,

Bluhm²,

Nilsson³

2014

Acta Acustica united with Acustica

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A listening test was conducted to investigate whether A-or C-weighed sound levels are most suitable as indicator of annoyance due to wind turbine noise. The tests consisted of fifteen different wind turbine noises presented at eight sound levels together with pink noise signals as reference sounds. A total number of 31 persons performed the listening test divided into two subgroups. The first group comprising of 20 students conducted the test in a semi anechoic chamber, and the second group of 11 residents annoyed by wind turbine noise in their homes, conducted the test in their own homes. Results from both subgroups showed that A-weighed sound levels were a more accurate description of wind turbine noise annoyance than C-weighed sound levels. The residents found the same wind turbine noises more annoying than the students, indicating a higher sensitivity to wind turbine noise among persons a priori annoyed by this noise and exposed to this source in their residential settings.

QC 20140915

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“…However, wind turbine noise is often annoying at longer distances than these, see e.g. [11]. We did not increase the measurement distances (up to a few kilometers)…”

Section: Experimental Soundsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Listening Test Comparing A-Weighted and C-Weighted Sound Pressure Level as Indicator of Wind Turbine Noise Annoyance

Bolin¹,

Bluhm²,

Nilsson³

2014

Acta Acustica united with Acustica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

QC 20140915

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“…These studies report complaints due to qualities referred to as "swishing", "thumping" or "throbbing" (among others), which often occur at the blade pass frequency (Oerlemans & Schepers 2009, Pedersen et al 2009, Pedersen & Persson Waye 2004, Persson Waye & Öhrström 2002, Van den Berg 2004. Characterisation of these noise qualities is hindered by the subjective and interchangeable use of the terms "throbbing", "swishing" and "thumping" in the literature.…”

Section: Adverse Wind Farm Noise Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements have found that short periods of amplitude modulated noise sometimes occur at night in the signature of the Rhedes Park wind farm, as shown in Figure 1, but this variation has not been observed to this degree in a single turbine (Van den Berg 2004). Mechanisms for the production of this noise have been suggested; including velocity gradients, turbulent inflow, interference patterns and blade-tower interaction but the cause is still disputed and will be discussed further in the next section.…”

Section: Adverse Wind Farm Noise Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been many reports of a "thumping" noise intermittently being produced by wind farms, but its cause is not understood (Bowdler 2008, Thorne 2011, Van den Berg 2004. It has been argued that this is due to amplitude modulation, unsteady turbulent-inflow, interference patterns, and blade-tower interaction.…”

Section: Possible Noise Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was thought that if the depth of amplitude modulation is large enough, amplitude-modulated noise would approach an impulsive signal which could be described as "thumping" and several studies report that "thumping" noise in horizontal axis wind turbines is most likely due to extreme instances of amplitude modulation (Bowdler 2008. Local variations in mean wind speed results in each turbine operating at a different rotational speed, which was thought to produce variations in far-field sound pressure as they move in and out of phase, amplifying the effects of amplitude modulation (Van den Berg 2004). But this is not the case as the sound pressure level variations of two turbines being in phase will not increase modulation depth (Bowdler 2008).…”

Section: Possible Noise Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A discussion of wind turbine interaction and stall contributions to wind farm noise

Laratro

Arjomandi

Kelso

et al. 2014

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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Elsevier's Policy: An author may use the preprint for personal use, internal institutional use and for permitted scholarly posting. ... Elsevier's AAM Policy: Authors retain the right to use the accepted author manuscript for personal use, internal institutional use and for permitted scholarly posting provided that these are not for purposes of commercial use or systematic distribution. Elsevier believes that individual authors should be able to distribute their AAMs for their personal voluntary needs and interests, e.g. posting to their websites or their institution's repository, e-mailing to colleagues. However, our policies differ regarding the systematic aggregation or distribution of AAMs to ensure the sustainability of the journals to which AAMs are submitted. Therefore, deposit in, or posting to, subject-oriented or centralized repositories (such as PubMed Central), or institutional repositories with systematic posting mandates is permitted only under specific agreements between Elsevier and the repository, agency or institution, and only consistent with the publisher's policies concerning such repositories. Voluntary posting of AAMs in the arXiv subject repository is permitted. ... Highlights-Rotor-wake interaction plays a role in wind farm noise -More wake data needs to be collected -Dynamic stall noise needs to be characterised AbstractWind farms have recently been reported to produce a noise signature that is described as possessing a "thumping" quality. Measurements of these signatures are limited and their effects are debated but their effect on public opinion and complaints make them a concern for researchers in this field. Proposed reasons for these noise signatures include amplitude modulation, interference patterns and wake-rotor interaction. This paper discusses these effects and concludes that wake-rotor interaction plays a role by causing variations in turbulent-inflow noise and dynamic stall. The current state of research into stall noise and wind turbine wake structure is also reviewed and it is concluded that the available information and collected data on wind turbine wake are insufficient to determine how strong this role is. More information on the velocity and turbulence fields in the wake of horizontal-axis wind turbines as well as a characterisation of the noise produced by an airfoil experiencing dynamic stall is required in order to make a full assessment of rotor-wake contributions to wind farm noise.2

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On infrasound generated by wind farms and its propagation in low‐altitude tropospheric waveguides

et al. 2015

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Infrasound from a 60‐turbine wind farm was found to propagate to distances up to 90 km under nighttime atmospheric conditions. Four infrasound sensor arrays were deployed in central New Mexico in February 2014; three of these arrays captured infrasound from a large wind farm. The arrays were in a linear configuration oriented southeast with 13, 54, 90, and 126 km radial distances and azimuths of 166°, 119°, 113°, and 111° from the 60 1.6 MW turbine Red Mesa Wind Farm, Laguna Pueblo, New Mexico, USA. Peaks at a fundamental frequency slightly below 0.9 Hz and its harmonics characterize the spectrum of the detected infrasound. The generation of this signal is linked to the interaction of the blades, flow gradients, and the supporting tower. The production of wind‐farm sound, its propagation, and detection at long distances can be related to the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer. First, under stable conditions, mostly occurring at night, winds are highly stratified, which enhances the production of thickness sound and the modulation of other higher‐frequency wind turbine sounds. Second, nocturnal atmospheric conditions can create low‐altitude waveguides (with altitudes on the order of hundreds of meters) allowing long‐distance propagation. Third, night and early morning hours are characterized by reduced background atmospheric noise that enhances signal detectability. This work describes the characteristics of the infrasound from a quasi‐continuous source with the potential for long‐range propagation that could be used to monitor the lower part of the atmospheric boundary layer.

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Effects of the wind profile at night on wind turbine sound

Cited by 138 publications

References 1 publication

Listening Test Comparing A-Weighted and C-Weighted Sound Pressure Level as Indicator of Wind Turbine Noise Annoyance

Listening Test Comparing A-Weighted and C-Weighted Sound Pressure Level as Indicator of Wind Turbine Noise Annoyance

A discussion of wind turbine interaction and stall contributions to wind farm noise

On infrasound generated by wind farms and its propagation in low‐altitude tropospheric waveguides

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