Effects of the vagus nerves on gastric motility and release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the anaesthetized lamb.

Reid, Anna-Mari; Shulkes, Arthur; Titchen, D. A.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp016946

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, VIP is released upon nerve depolarization by KCl or electrical stimulation (Grider & Makhlouf, 1987;Agoston, Conlon & Whittaker, 1988;Ohta, Itoh & Ohga, 1990) and relaxes gastric muscle cells with a concomitant increase of intracellular cyclic AMP (Bitar & Makhlouf, 1982). Vagal stimulation produces a frequency-dependent increase of VIP released into the portal vein (Yasui et al 1987;Reid, Shulkes & Titchen, 1988). Trypsin or VIP antiserum inhibits a neurally induced relaxation of the stomach (D 'Amato, De Beurme & Lefebvre, 1988;Li & Rand, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagal control of nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide release in the regulation of gastric relaxation in rat.

Takahashi

Owyang

1995

The Journal of Physiology

128

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1. Gastric motility and neurotransmitter release in response to vagal stimulation were studied using a vascularly isolated perfused rat stomach. Gastric motor responses were recorded by a strain gauge force transducer implanted on the proximal stomach. 2. Electrical stimulation of vagal trunk (0-5-20 Hz) produced a triphasic response which was composed of a rapid transient relaxation (first phase) followed by a phasic contraction (second phase) and a delayed prolonged relaxation (third phase). Maximum responses of the first, second and third phase were observed at 2-5, 5 and 10 Hz, respectively. Intra-arterial infusion of tetrodotoxin (0-1 /LM) or hexamethonium (100 /M) completely abolished the triphasic response.3. The nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 100 ZM) significantly antagonized the rapid relaxation but had no effect on the delayed relaxation, while vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antagonist (1 /M) significantly reduced the delayed relaxation without affecting the rapid relaxation. 4. In response to vagal stimulation, NO production ([3H]citrulline formation in gastric tissue preloaded with [3H]arginine) was maximum at 2-5 Hz, whereas VIP release into the venous effluent was largest at 10 Hz. Hexamethonium abolished vagal-stimulated NO production and VIP release. L-NNA had no effect on VIP release in response to vagal stimulation. 5. The nicotinic receptor agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperizinium (DMPP; 100 UM) also caused a triphasic response similar to that observed with vagal stimulation and produced a significant increase in VIP and NO formation. DMPP-evoked VIP release was not affected by L-NNA. Similarly, DMPP-evoked NO production was not antagonized by VIP antagonist.6. These results suggest that vagus nerve stimulation evokes NO and VIP release via nicotinic synapses which cause different modes of relaxation of the stomach. There is no interaction between NO and VIP release in response to vagal stimulation.

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confidence: 99%

Vagal control of nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide release in the regulation of gastric relaxation in rat.

Takahashi

Owyang

1995

The Journal of Physiology

128

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“…This, however, did not result in a significant change of duodenal digesta flow in exp. 2, which was contrary to expectation because the higher infusion frequency and dosage of VIP should have produced a stronger inhibition of the ROO electrical activity (Reid et al 1988a), leading to facilitation of digesta outflow from the ruminoreticulum. The non-significant alteration of duodenal OM, CP, AA and bacterial AA flow by VIP infusion indicates that the short-term inhibition of VIP on ruminal motility (unpublished data) was apparently not adequate to affect daily synthesis of microbial protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide has been demonstrated to influence gastrointestinal activity by both direct effects on the gut tissue (Lam 1991) and by indirect effects through modification of central nervous system-mediated neuroendocrine reflexes (Said 1984;Reid et al 1988a). There is a wide distribution of VIP receptors along the digestive tract, particularly in the inner muscle layer of the reticulo-omasal orifice (ROO) (Wathuta 1986;Zdon et al 1988) and omasal wall (Yamamoto et al 1994) of ruminants.…”

Section: Mots Clés: Transit Gastrointestinal Ingéré Mouton Pivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide infusion on feed intake, digesta flow and nutrient digestion in sheep with access to feed for limited time

Li¹,

Okine²,

Christopherson³

2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2000. Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide infusion on feed intake, digesta flow and nutrient digestion in sheep with access to feed for limited time. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: [105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112]. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) infusion into the gastric artery increases feed intake, duodenal flow and amino acid supply to the small intestine of sheep. Four sheep in exp. 1 and five sheep in exp. 2 were fistulated with rumen and duodenal cannulae. Sheep in exp. 2 also had an ileal cannula. In both experiments animals were fed a diet of alfalfa pellets ad libitum for 8 h per day in a thermoneutral environment (20 ± 2°C) and had free access to water and mineralized salt blocks. In exp. 1, VIP was infused at 1 nmol min -1 through a gastric-artery catheter for 10 min duration each hour for 3 h each day for 4 consecutive days. In exp. 2, VIP was infused at 1.5 nmol min -1 for 10 min duration each half-hour for 3 h each day for 7 consecutive days. Control sheep were infused with saline. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide infusion increased (P < 0.05) feed intake by 14.3 and 26.1% in exp. 1 and exp. 2, respectively. In exp. 2, there was a positive regression (P < 0.01) between intake and duodenal passage of dry matter (DM) (n = 5, r 2 = 0.67), organic matter (OM) (n = 5, r 2 = 0.68), and amino acids (AA) (n = 5, r 2 = 0.85). The present results suggest that VIP may play a role as a physiological regulator of feed intake in sheep and also has potential to increase the supply of nutrients to the animal. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 105-112. Deux expériences ont servi à vérifier l'hypothèse voulant que l'infusion de polypeptide intestinal vasoactif (PIV) dans l'artère gastrique produisse une augmentation de l'ingéré alimentaire, du taux transit duodénal et de l'apport d'acides aminés à l'intestin grêle du mouton. Quatre moutons dans la première expérience et cinq dans la seconde étaient munis de fistules ruminale et duodénale. Les moutons de l'expérience 2 avaient, en plus, une fistule iléale. Les animaux pouvaient consommer des agglomérés de luzerne à volonté 8 h par jour dans un milieu exposé à une température normale (20 ± 2°C), avec accès libre en tout temps à l'eau et à des blocs de sel minéralisé. Dans l'expérience 1, le PIV était infusé par un cathéter introduit dans l'artère gastrique à raison de 1 nmol min -1 3 heures par jour pendant 10 min, durant 4 journées consécutives. Dans l'expérience 2, l'infusion à la dose de 1,5 nmol min -1 se faisait 10 min par demi-heure, 3 heures par jour, durant 7 journées consécutives. Les moutons témoins recevaient une infusion de soluté salin. L'infusion de PIV produisait des accroissements respectifs (P < 0,05) de l'ingéré de 14,3 % dans l'expérience 1 et de 26,1 % dans l'expérience 2. Dans l'expérience 2, il y avait une régression positive (P < 0,01) de l'ingéré alimentaire sur le transit duodénal de m.s. (n = 5, r 2 = 0,67), de m.o. (n = 5, r 2 = 0,68) et d'acides aminés (n = 5, r 2 = 0,85). ...

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“…It thus appears that the inhibition of the ROO produced at these times may be mediated by non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve fibres, similar to the inhibition of the ROO produced with electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves (Newhook & Titchen, 1972;Reid et al 1988a). Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibition mediated by efferent fibres of the vagus nerves has been indentified in the stomach of a number of other species including the cat (Martinson, 1965), guinea-pig (Campbell, 1966a), mouse (Builbring & Gershon, 1967) and the ferret (Andrews & Scratcherd, 1980), and in the lower oesophageal sphincter of the opossum (Goyal & Rattan, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric electromyographic activity in the milk‐fed lamb.

Reid

Titchen

1988

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the reticulum, reticulo-omasal orifice (ROO) and abomasum was recorded from conscious lambs.2. In fasted lambs diphasic reticular EMG bursts occurred at intervals of 60+13 s. In association with the second phase of the reticular EMG burst there was consistently a period of inactivity of the EMG of the ROO of 2 4-11 0 s (5 5 + 2-0 s, mean + S.D.). This period of quiescence ended with the onset of a burst of EMG activity of the ROO of 4-1 + 0-8 s termed here a long burst of activity. Preceding the following reticular EMG burst there were further long bursts of EMG activity of the ROO at intervals of 11.1 + 1-3 s or intermixing or replacement of long burst activity with short bursts which were of duration 1 I + 0 3 s and which occurred at intervals of 2-4+0 5 s.3. When the lambs were shown milk and at times when they could be expected to anticipate milk being provided, a period of inactivity of the EMG of the ROO developed for up to 60 s. In association with this there was commonly an increase in the frequency of reticular EMG bursts which at times became monophasic.4. With the start of sucking there was quiescence of the EMG of the ROO which persisted throughout periods of sucking for up to 90 s. Simultaneously with the disappearance of activity of the ROO there was a monophasic burst of the reticular EMG, which was followed by either quiescence or disorganized low voltage activity. Inactivity of the EMG of the ROO still developed when lambs sucked milk after administration (i.v.) of atropine, phentolamine or propranolol, but not after hexamethonium.5. In lambs observed over a period 30-60 min after feeding the diphasic reticular bursts occurred every 85+24 s and the duration of the period of inactivity of the EMG of the ROO associated with each reticular burst (3-7 + 1-2 s) was significantly less (P < 0-001) than in fasted lambs. Short bursts of EMG activity of the ROO occurred more frequently than in fasted lambs.6. In fasted lambs bursts of EMG activity of the body of the abomasum occurred at frequencies of 6-12 min-' and those of the antrum and pylorus at ca. 6 min-' but episodes of such activity were intermittent. Within 30 min of lambs first sucking 500 ml of milk the bursts of EMG activity of the body, antrum and pylorus were increased in voltage and duration and the episodes of bursts were more prolonged. When the lambs sucked a further 500 ml milk there was inactivity of the EMG of the A. M. REID AND D. A. TITCHEN body and cessation or diminution of the activity of the antrum and pylorus. Such reductions in activity were also observed when the lambs were shown milk.7. The results suggest that when lambs are anticipating being fed and when they suck milk there is a relaxation of the ROO which is mediated by non-adrenergic, noncholinergic nerve fibres. A concomitant inhibition of activity of the abomasum may lead to relaxation of this structure in reception of milk.

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Effects of the vagus nerves on gastric motility and release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the anaesthetized lamb.

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Vagal control of nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide release in the regulation of gastric relaxation in rat.

Vagal control of nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide release in the regulation of gastric relaxation in rat.

Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide infusion on feed intake, digesta flow and nutrient digestion in sheep with access to feed for limited time

Gastric electromyographic activity in the milk‐fed lamb.

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