Effects of the Usage of l-Cysteine (l-Cys) on Human Health

Plaza, Noelia Clemente; García-Galbis, Manuel Reig; Martínez‐Espinosa, Rosa María

doi:10.3390/molecules23030575

Cited by 96 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…We find servers announcing gws (1.69 K) and AkamaiGHost (1.44 K), hinting at even more Google and Akamai installations. The fourth largest group of servers announces Caddy (356) as the server string, this server uses the quic-go [4] library and can also be used as a reverse proxy for other TCP-only servers. Takeaway.…”

Section: Enumerating Quic Ipv4 Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for mandatory Server Name Indication (SNI), it can present a hostname that is necessary for the server to deliver correct certificates when hosting multiple sites on a single server. We base our tool [1] on the quic-go [4] library which we extended to enable tracing within the connection establishment to extract all handshake parameters (see Figure 1). IP-based Certificate Scan.…”

Section: Enumerating Quic Domain Namesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A First Look at QUIC in the Wild

Rüth

Poese

Dietzel³

et al. 2018

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

110

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For the first time since the establishment of TCP and UDP, the Internet transport layer is subject to a major change by the introduction of QUIC. Initiated by Google in 2012, QUIC provides a reliable, connection-oriented low-latency and fully encrypted transport. In this paper, we provide the first broad assessment of QUIC usage in the wild. We monitor the entire IPv4 address space since August 2016 and about 46% of the DNS namespace to detected QUIC-capable infrastructures. Our scans show that the number of QUIC-capable IPs has more than tripled since then to over 617.59 K. We find around 161K domains hosted on QUIC-enabled infrastructure, but only 15K of them present valid certificates over QUIC. Second, we analyze one year of traffic traces provided by MAWI, one day of a major European tier-1 ISP and from a large IXP to understand the dominance of QUIC in the Internet traffic mix. We find QUIC to account for 2.6% to 9.1% of the current Internet traffic, depending on the vantage point. This share is dominated by Google pushing up to 42.1% of its traffic via QUIC.

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Section: Enumerating Quic Ipv4 Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enumerating Quic Domain Namesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A First Look at QUIC in the Wild

Rüth

Poese

Dietzel³

et al. 2018

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

110

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“…Taken together, these mechanisms could explain the beneficial effect of l-cysteine exerted on matrix remodeling that would prevent corneal haze. The role and effectiveness of supplements/drugs containing l-cysteine [42] are still unsettled issues, and the present investigation brings the evidences of another benefit of the utilization of l-cysteine in vivo, alongside its low cost and the lack of detectable adverse effect in its short-term treatment. However, despite our encouraging results, the relatively small sample size and the high cost of the bFGF treatment could represent the limitations of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Oral l-Cysteine Supplementation Enhances the Long Term-Effect of Topical Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) in Reducing the Corneal Haze after Photorefractive Keratectomy in Myopic Patients

et al. 2020

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We aimed at evaluating the long-term effects of l-cysteine oral supplementation to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) eye-drops on corneal re-epithelization and transparency in myopic patients subjected to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Forty patients subjected to bilateral PRK for myopia were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups receiving an additional therapy together with the standard postoperative treatment consisting in local tobramycin 0.3%, dexamethasone 0.1%, diclofenac 0.1%, and 0.2% hyaluronate. Group 1 included 20 patients (11 males and 9 females; 34.09 ± 8 years of age) receiving only bFGF eye-drops (10 μg/10 μL) four times a day for 7 days starting from the day of surgery; Group 2 included 20 patients (12 males and 8 females; 37.35 ± 11.5 years of age) who were postoperatively administered with topical basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 10 μg/10 μL) four times a day for 7 days plus oral l-cysteine supplementation (500 mg/capsule) once a day for 15 days, starting 7 days before PRK. Patients were followed-up for 12 months. Clinical ophthalmologic parameters were recorded for all the 80 examined eyes. The corneal transparency was evaluated in vivo by slit lamp and confocal microscopy. The data showed that: (a) the corneal haze occurred in a smaller percentage of the patients who were postoperatively administered with topical bFGF plus oral l-cysteine supplementation (Group 2) compared to patients who received only bFGF (Group 1); (b) at 6 months of follow-up, the stromal mean image brightness of the patients belonging to Group 2 was significantly lower than that of the Group 1 (p < 0.03), and, interestingly, the difference was even more evident at 12 month from the treatment (p < 0.001). Moreover, the final mean of the spherical equivalent refraction was −0.06 ± 0.2 D in Group 1 and −0.08 ± 0.3 D in Group 2, whereas the final uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was equal or superior to 20/25 in 100% of eyes in both Group 1 and 2. Post refractive patients can benefit from the administration of l-cysteine before the surgery and in association with bFGF in the early postoperative period, showing a faster corneal re-epithelization able to prevent corneal haze in the long-term recovery.

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“…Purine metabolism releases uric acid as a primary end-product and abnormalities in UA can lead to gout, hyperuricemia, and Lesch Nyhan disease [ 69 ]. On the other hand, cysteine is an important thiol-containing amino acid and plays a role in protein synthesis as well as in the food, cosmetic, and drug industries [ 70 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiometric Biosensing of Ascorbic Acid, Uric Acid, and Cysteine in Microliter Volumes Using Miniaturized Nanoporous Gold Electrodes

et al. 2020

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Potentiometric redox sensing is a relatively inexpensive and passive approach to evaluate the overall redox state of complex biological and environmental solutions. The ability to make such measurements in ultra-small volumes using high surface area, nanoporous electrodes is of particular importance as such electrodes can improve the rates of electron transfer and reduce the effects of biofouling on the electrochemical signal. This work focuses on the fabrication of miniaturized nanoporous gold (NPG) electrodes with a high surface area and a small footprint for the potentiometric redox sensing of three biologically relevant redox molecules (ascorbic acid, uric acid, and cysteine) in microliter volumes. The NPG electrodes were inexpensively made by attaching a nanoporous gold leaf prepared by dealloying 12K gold in nitric acid to a modified glass capillary (1.5 mm id) and establishing an electrode connection with copper tape. The surface area of the electrodes was ~1.5 cm2, providing a roughness factor of ~16 relative to the geometric area of 0.09 cm2. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the nanoporous framework. A linear dependence between the open-circuit potential (OCP) and the logarithm of concentration (e.g., Nernstian-like behavior) was obtained for all three redox molecules in 100 μL buffered solutions. As a first step towards understanding a real system, the response associated with changing the concentration of one redox species in the presence of the other two was examined. These results show that at NPG, the redox potential of a solution containing biologically relevant concentrations of ascorbic acid, uric acid, and cysteine is strongly influenced by ascorbic acid. Such information is important for the measurement of redox potentials in complex biological solutions.

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Effects of the Usage of l-Cysteine (l-Cys) on Human Health

Cited by 96 publications

References 79 publications

A First Look at QUIC in the Wild

A First Look at QUIC in the Wild

Oral l-Cysteine Supplementation Enhances the Long Term-Effect of Topical Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) in Reducing the Corneal Haze after Photorefractive Keratectomy in Myopic Patients

Potentiometric Biosensing of Ascorbic Acid, Uric Acid, and Cysteine in Microliter Volumes Using Miniaturized Nanoporous Gold Electrodes

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