Effects of the timing of the introduction of feeds containing different protein and lipid levels on the performance and quality of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, over the entire seawater phase of growth

Morris, P C; Beattie, C.; Elder, B.; Finlay, John; Gallimore, Phillip H.; Jewison, W.; Lee, D.; MacKenzie, K.; McKinney, Richard W.; Sinnott, Rick; Smart, A.; Weir, M. J.

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00277-1

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This viewpoint is strengthened further because similar feed intakes were observed in all groups of fish irrespective of diet treatment. Feed intake is known to be influenced by the digestible energy content of organoleptically acceptable and nutritionally adequate diets (e.g., feed intake is enhanced in fish ingesting such diets of low instead of high digestible energy content) as well as by dissimilar lipid reserves in the fish (known as lipostatic regulation), which in this case, were identical in all groups of fish both initially and at the end of the study (Higgs et al 1995; Morris, Beattie, Elder, Finlay, Gallimore, Jewison, Lee, Mackenzie, McKinney, Sinnott, Smart & Weir 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of an equal blend of canola oil and poultry fat as an alternate dietary lipid source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in sea water. I: effects on growth performance, and whole body and fillet proximate and lipid composition

et al. 2006

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This study assessed the suitability and cost e⁄cacy of an equal blend of canola oil (CO) and poultry fat (PF) as a supplemental dietary lipid source for juvenile Atlantic salmon. Quadruplicate groups of Atlantic salmon ( $ 400 g) held in 4000 L outdoor ¢breglass tanks supplied with running (35^40 L min À1 ), aerated (dissolved oxygen, 7.88^10.4 mg L À 1 ), ambient temperature (8.6^10.9 1C) sea water (salinity, 263 5 g L À1 ) were fed twice daily to satiation one of three extruded dry pelleted diets of equivalent protein (488^493 g kg À1 dry matter) and lipid (2672 74 g kg À1 dry matter) content for 84 days. The diets were identical in composition except for the supplemental lipid (234.7 g kg À1 ) source viz., 100% anchovy oil (AO; diet COPF-0),70.2% AO and 29.8% CO and PF (diet COPF-30), and 40.3% AO and 59.7% CO and PF (diet COPF-60). Atlantic salmon growth rate, feed intake, feed e⁄ciency, protein and gross energy utilization, percent survival and whole body and ¢llet proximate compositions were not a¡ected by diet treatment. Cost per kilogram weight gain was about 10% less for ¢sh fed diet COPF-60 than for diet COPF-0. Percentages of saturated fatty acids in dietary and ¢llet lipids varied narrowly. Moreover, percentages of 18:1n-9, monounsaturated fatty acids, 18:2n-6, n-6 fatty acids,18:3n-3, and ratios of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in the £esh lipids were directly related to the dietary level of CO and PF whereas 22:6n-3, the total of 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid; DHA), and n-3 fatty acids revealed the opposite trend. Percentages of 22:6n-3, EPA and DHA, and n-3 fatty acids were signi¢cantly depressed in ¢sh fed diet COPF-60 versus diet COPF-0.We conclude that a 1:1 blend of CO and PF is an excellent cost-e¡ective dietary source of supplemental lipid for Atlantic salmon in sea water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of an equal blend of canola oil and poultry fat as an alternate dietary lipid source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in sea water. I: effects on growth performance, and whole body and fillet proximate and lipid composition

et al. 2006

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“…The estimated feed digestibility was calculated in compliance with Morris et al. () assuming apparent digestibility coefficients for protein and lipid to be 0.86 and 0.94 (Einen & Roem, ), respectively, and 0.50 for nitrogen‐free extractives (NFE) (Arnesen & Krogdahl, ). The feed production process included standard manufacturing routines regarding the control of physical pellet quality as well as the monitoring and control of proximate feed composition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all three trials, premixes containing pigments, minerals and vitamins were included in the diets to fulfil the minimum nutritional requirements in accordance with the National Research Council (1993,2011). The estimated feed digestibility was calculated in compliance with Morris et al (2003) assuming apparent digestibility coefficients for protein and lipid to be 0.86 and 0.94 (Einen & Roem, 1997), respectively, and 0.50 for nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) (Arnesen & Krogdahl, 1993). The feed production process included standard manufacturing routines regarding the control of physical pellet quality as well as the monitoring and control of proximate feed composition.…”

Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving production efficiency of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by isoenergetic diets with increased dietary protein-to-lipid ratio

et al. 2018

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The effects of isoenergetic diets with high (HP) and low (LP) protein‐to‐lipid ratios on feeding rate (SFR), feed conversion (FCR), growth (TGC) and relative‐ and absolute nutrient retention were investigated using both whole‐body weight (BW) and carcass weight (CW) to assess the production efficiency. Three different feeding trials in seawater were conducted: two large‐scale trials with yearling smolt (S1) and under‐yearling smolt (S0) and one small‐scale with S1 smolt. The initial body weights in the trials were 105, 319 and 978 g, respectively, and the fish were fed and monitored until they reached harvest weights. In all three trials, the dietary HP group attained significantly higher (p < .05) CW at harvest based on fish with equal BW. Also, fish fed the HP diets significantly improved FCR (p < .05) when based on CW. In the small‐scale trial, fish fed HP diet, especially during late autumn and spring, significantly (p < .001) improved FCRBW and FCRCW. Improved FCR coincided with significantly higher (p < .05) relative energy retention in the dietary HP group. In all three trials, the HP groups had significantly higher (p < .05) TGC with regard to both BW and CW. Taken together, the present studies indicate that growth performance and feed utilization in modern salmon farming has the potential to be further improved by increasing the dietary protein‐to‐lipid ratio. In addition, dietary influence is more precisely assessed when using carcass as the weight denominator when analysing feed utilization and growth performance.

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“…Little has been published on the correlation between score of the SalmoFan™ and CIELAB color values. One study reported redness a* values to correspond roughly to SalmoFm™ scores, but found that instrumental analysis was preferable to differentiate between samples (24). …”

Section: Color Standard In Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Color Quality of Salmon

Skrede¹,

Wold²

2008

Color Quality of Fresh and Processed Foods

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Effects of the timing of the introduction of feeds containing different protein and lipid levels on the performance and quality of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, over the entire seawater phase of growth

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Efficacy of an equal blend of canola oil and poultry fat as an alternate dietary lipid source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in sea water. I: effects on growth performance, and whole body and fillet proximate and lipid composition

Efficacy of an equal blend of canola oil and poultry fat as an alternate dietary lipid source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in sea water. I: effects on growth performance, and whole body and fillet proximate and lipid composition

Improving production efficiency of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by isoenergetic diets with increased dietary protein-to-lipid ratio

Color Quality of Salmon

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