Effects of the swimming exercise on the consolidation and persistence of auditory and contextual fear memory

Effects of swimming exercise on the extinction of fear memory in rats

“…There is evidence showing the association between physical exercise and memory formation (Cechella et al 2014;Chen et al 2017;Faria et al 2016;Izquierdo et al 2000;Robertson and Takacs 2017;van Praag 2009). Physical exercise may exert a positive effect on peripheral physiological systems as well as on the CNS, favoring neuroplastic events that lead to memory formation (Chen et al 2017;Diederich et al 2017;Faria et al 2016;Håkansson et al 2017;Himi et al 2016).…”

“…There is evidence showing the association between physical exercise and memory formation (Cechella et al 2014;Chen et al 2017;Faria et al 2016;Izquierdo et al 2000;Robertson and Takacs 2017;van Praag 2009). Physical exercise may exert a positive effect on peripheral physiological systems as well as on the CNS, favoring neuroplastic events that lead to memory formation (Chen et al 2017;Diederich et al 2017;Faria et al 2016;Håkansson et al 2017;Himi et al 2016). It was dem- onstrated that physical exercise can modulate the distinct phases of memory formation, from short-to long-term memory (Akers et al 2014;Diegues et al 2014;Faria et al 2016;Hopkins and Bucci 2010;Inoue et al 2015).…”

“…Physical exercise may exert a positive effect on peripheral physiological systems as well as on the CNS, favoring neuroplastic events that lead to memory formation (Chen et al 2017;Diederich et al 2017;Faria et al 2016;Håkansson et al 2017;Himi et al 2016). It was dem- onstrated that physical exercise can modulate the distinct phases of memory formation, from short-to long-term memory (Akers et al 2014;Diegues et al 2014;Faria et al 2016;Hopkins and Bucci 2010;Inoue et al 2015). Hopkins and Bucci (2010) showed that rats accessing a running wheel presented a higher expression of freezing behavior in the contextual short-term memory test.…”

“…Twenty-four hours after the last day of the swimming exercise period, all rats were singly placed in an experimental chamber (71 ϫ 42 ϫ 36 cm; yellow lighting; acrylic floor and walls) for 20 min daily over 4 days for habituation. This procedure aimed to control behavioral biases related to the novelty of the environment to which the rats were exposed in the training session for fear conditioning (Faria et al 2016;Matsuda et al 2014).…”

“…Physical exercise exerts a positive effect on both peripheral tissue and on the central nervous system (CNS) (Chen et al 2017;Inoue et al 2015). It has been demonstrated that exercise modulates learning and memory processes, presenting a positive impact on both short-and long-term memory (Cechella et al 2014;Faria et al 2016). There is also evidence that running exercise has a positive effect on the hippocampal plasticity of rodents, demonstrating an increase in the synthesis of neurotransmitters and neurogenesis, leading to the extinction of the contextual memory of fear (Akers et al 2014;Liu et al 2014).…”