Effects of the season of the year, truck type and location on truck on skin bruises and meat quality in pigs

Costa, O. A. Dalla; Faucitano, L.; Coldebella, Arlei; Ludke, Jorge Vítor; Peloso, José Vicente; Roza, Darlan Dalla; Costa, Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2006.08.015

Cited by 90 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…This finding may be explained by the compulsory improvement in animal welfare measures during transportation (dalla Costa et al 2007), by the improvement in the design and certification of animal transportation vehicles by the national veterinary authorities and by the compulsory certification of drivers (Regulation (EC) 1/2005). Moreover, deaths during transport were not influenced by season as observed by Gonsalvez et al (2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causes and factors related to pig carcass condemnation

García‐Díez¹,

Coelho²

2014

Vet. Med.

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Ante mortem and post mortem carcass condemnation records could be of use as a potential database for the study of swine diseases, epidemiology or animal welfare. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the causes of ante mortem rejections and post mortem carcass condemnation of pigs intended for human consumption during a 78-month period. The records considered for study were, date of slaughter, total pigs slaughtered and total number of ante mortem rejections (deaths during transportation and deaths in the pens) and post mortem carcass condemnations (osteomyelitis, caseous lymphadenitis, erysipelas, cachexia, pale, soft and exudative meat (PSE), bloody meat, muscular necrosis, purulent nephritis, purulent metritis, jaundice, meats from febrile pigs and peritonitis). The influence of several factors such as year, season, mandatory fulfilment of a food chain information form (FCIf ) and compulsory certification of swine drivers/transporters on ante mortem rejections and post mortem carcass condemnation was also studied. A total of 161 001 pigs slaughtered resulted in 238 (0.15%) ante mortem deaths, 160 763 pigs processed for meat consumption (99.7%) and 392 (0.24%) carcass condemnations. The ante mortem rejections revealed that 146 pigs (61.3%) died during transportation whereas 92 (38.7%) were rejected due to death in pens. The main causes of carcass condemnations were osteomyelitis (38.5%), granulomatous lymphadenitis (22.7%) and pleurisy/pneumonia (21.2%). A relationship was found between the month and ante mortem condemnations (P < 0.01), death losses during transport (P < 0.01) and between compulsory certification of animal transporters and deaths by transportation (P < 0.05). During the cold season, the probability of ante mortem rejections (OR = 1.84; CI 95%: 1.32-2.59) and death in pens (OR = 1.62; CI 95%: 1.02-2.57) was higher. The compulsory fulfilment of a food chain information form was not revealed to be significantly linked with the total number of carcass condemnations although the odds of ante mortem rejections were higher (OR = 2.10; CI 95%: 1.44-3.08) when it was not mandatory. Higher post mortem condemnations compared to ante mortem condemnations can be explained by the fact that several post mortem findings are asymptomatic in live animals. A progressive decrease in losses during transport was associated with on-farm improvements in animal welfare measures in addition with compulsory training of animal transporters. However, the consistent values of deaths in pens throughout the study period, with an increase during the winter, indicate a need for an improvement in the thermal conditions of the holding area in slaughterhouse. Regarding the post mortem condemnations, the improvement in animal welfare conditions may explain the decrease in osteomyelitis condemnations while the environmental origin of granulomatous lymphadenitis may be associated with region, climate or with the presence of hosts that may explain the influence of the time of year on its variations. The FCIf was i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, Gonsalvez et al (2006) found that the highest mortality rates were recorded in winter. This highlights the intolerance of pigs to thermal stress (dalla Costa et al 2007). Pigs housed at low temperatures tend to group in order to create a warmer microclimate that protects them from cold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and factors related to pig carcass condemnation

García‐Díez¹,

Coelho²

2014

Vet. Med.

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“…Some authors found that cold and heat stress may have a negative effect on meat quality (O'Neill et al, 2003;Guardia et al, 2004Guardia et al, , 2005dalla Costa et al, 2006), and that high temperatures increase mortality during transport (Smith and Allen, 1976;Abbott et al, 1995;Vecerek et al, 2006), although other researchers did not find the highest mortalities during the hottest months (Palacio et al, 1996;Gosalvez et al, 2006), with a higher proportion of skin bruises being reported in winter (dalla Costa et al, 2006). Nevertheless, to our knowledge, little or no information exists about the effect of seasonal transportation on the blood parameters of slaughter pigs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum stress parameters in pigs transported to slaughter under commercial conditions in different seasons

Averós¹,

Herranz²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2007

Vet. Med.

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To determine the influence of slaughter transports carried out under commercial conditions, 162 pigs weighing 98 kg and of both sexes were studied. A total of seven transports were performed in summer and in winter conditions, with durations of 1 h and 13 h 15 min within each season. Cortisol, glucose, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin and total protein serum concentrations were measured. All variables increased during transport and decreased during lairage (P < 0.001), with cortisol values being 3.47 ± 0.19, 8.52 ± 0.28, and 6.96 ± 0.18 µg/dl at loading, unloading and exsanguinations, respectively, except for glucose (0.54 ± 0.03, 0.44 ± 0.04, and 0.86 ± 0.03 g/l). Short journeys did not allow the total recovery from the loading stress. A certain level of dehydration was observed, especially during lairage on the longest journeys (increase of 6.87 ± 1.29 g/l for total proteins; P < 0.01). Winter transports were slightly more stressful (P < 0.01 for cortisol and LDH, and P < 0.001 for CPK), with poorer recovery during lairage (CPK decrease being –141 ± 559 and –2 906 ± 730 IU/l for winter and summer journeys, respectively; P < 0.01). Females showed higher stress reactivity. Genetics modulated the effect of the rest of influencing factors, with Nn individuals showing a rougher reaction in short and winter conditions, but with lower dehydration levels. Under Mediterranean commercial conditions, stress in transported slaughter pigs was largely determined by season and genetics, so that an adaptation of handling procedures to these seasonal variations appears crucial if transport stress is to be reduced. Also, an improvement in stress resistance could be obtained by controlling the halothane gene of pigs.

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“…Dalla Costa et al (2007) destacaram que, os hematomas adquiridos no período pré-abate ocorrem principalmente no carregamento, transporte e descarga (61,1%), mas também no perí-odo de repouso nos currais de descanso (38,9%). Os resultados desse estudo podem evidenciar que uma das principais fontes de hematomas advém de lutas entre suínos, que ocorrem no transporte e nas pocilgas (DALLA COSTA et al, 2007). Aliás, a mistura de animais de diferentes proveniências também pode influenciar a elevada ocorrência de lesões nas carcaças (GOSÁLVEZ et al, 2006) devido ao confronto entre animais, que ocorre principalmente em grupos grandes, na tentativa de estabelecimento de hierarquia social (GEVERINK et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação do bem-estar no transporte e nos currais de descanso pela ocorrência de lesões em carcaças de suínos abatidos em matadouro

Esteves

Saraiva

Morgado³

et al. 2014

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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ResumoBem-Estar Animal consiste no estado do animal em sua tentativa de adaptação ao meio ambiente envolvente, podendo ser medido e melhorado com a ação do ser humano. Nos últimos anos o tema "Bem-Estar Animal" tem adquirido importância, resultante das grandes preocupações com o manejo dos animais em vida e constatação da influência que este tem na qualidade da carne post mortem. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o efeito do lote de suínos transportados, respectivo tamanho, tipo de trajeto e do tempo decorrido entre a origem e o abate na ocorrência de lesões, consideradas indicadores mínimos de bem-estar animal em matadouro. Nos matadouros de suínos da região norte de Portugal, foram monitorados 834 animais com relação à ocorrência de lesões compatíveis com lacerações, eritemas cutâneos, hematomas e fraturas, em cinco diferentes lotes. Pela análise global dos dados, verificou-se que as lacerações estavam presentes em 72% dos animais e foi o tipo de lesão mais frequentemente observado. Seguiram-se os eritemas cutâneos em 20%, os hematomas em 11% e as fraturas em apenas 1% dos animais. O tamanho do lote de animais transportados, a duração da viagem e o tempo de permanência no matadouro influenciaram significativamente a ocorrência das lesões monitoradas, nomeadamente lacerações, eritemas e hematomas. Palavras-chave:Bem-estar animal. Transporte. Indicadores lesionais. Suínos. AbstractAnimal welfare is the state of the animal in its attempts to cope with its environment, and it can be measured and improved by the action of man. Recently, the topic "Animal Welfare" has become more important, resulting from the discovery that the management of animals in life has impact on the post mortem meat quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of transport batch number of pigs transported by batch, type of route and the time elapsed between the exploration and slaughter in the occurrence of lesions, considered as indicators of animal welfare at the slaughterhouse. At one slaughterhouse of pigs located in the northern of Portugal, 834 animals were monitored in order to check the occurrence of lesions consistent with lacerations, erythema, bruising and fractures, from a total of five different transport batches. The global analysis of the data showed that lacerations were present in 72% of animals and was the most common type of lesion, followed by erythema, bruises and broken bones presented in 20%, 11% and 1% respectively. The size of each batch, the duration of the journey and the time spent in the lairage significantly influenced the occurrence of observed lesions, particularly, lacerations, erythema and bruising.

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Effects of the season of the year, truck type and location on truck on skin bruises and meat quality in pigs

Cited by 90 publications

References 21 publications

Causes and factors related to pig carcass condemnation

Causes and factors related to pig carcass condemnation

Serum stress parameters in pigs transported to slaughter under commercial conditions in different seasons

Avaliação do bem-estar no transporte e nos currais de descanso pela ocorrência de lesões em carcaças de suínos abatidos em matadouro

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