Effects of the Sea Surface Roughness and Sea Spray‐Induced Flux Parameterization on the Simulations of a Tropical Cyclone

Prakash, Kumar Ravi; Pant, Vimlesh; Nigam, Tanuja

doi:10.1029/2018jd029760

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…COARE is one of the best wind-speed-based z 0 parameterization schemes, which has been widely used in momentum flux calculations [60,61]; the better results from wave-state-based schemes reveal that the characteristics of momentum flux at typhoon condition are better captured by the wave-state-based schemes; this denotes that considering the impacts of wave state can provide more information for the parameterization of z 0 . Similar conclusions are presented by Drennan et al [62] and Prakash et al [63]. From the results of three heat flux parameterization schemes, it is demonstrated that the MSLP results simulated by the ZK scheme are worse than the other two schemes.…”

Section: Track and Intensitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Impacts of Air-Sea Energy Transfer on Typhoon Modelling

Sun

Song

Leng

et al. 2021

Advances in Meteorology

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The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport model has been used to simulate Super Typhoon Yutu (2018). The impacts of four momentum transfer parameterization schemes (COARE, TY, OT, and DN) and three heat transfer parameterization schemes (COARE, GR, and ZK) on typhoon modelling have been studied by means of the track, intensity, and radial structure of typhoon. The results show that the track of Yutu is not sensitive to the choice of parameterization scheme, while the combinations of different parameterization schemes affect the intensity of Yutu. Among the four momentum flux parameterization schemes, three wave-state-based schemes (TY, OT, and DN) provide better intensity results than the wind-speed-based COARE scheme, but the differences between the three wave-state-based schemes are not obvious. Among the three heat flux parameterization schemes, the results of the GR scheme are slightly better than those of the COARE scheme, and both the GR and COARE schemes are significantly better than the ZK scheme, from which the intensity of Yutu is underpredicted obviously. The influence of the combination of different parameterization schemes on the intensity of the typhoon is also reflected in the radial structure of the typhoon, and the radial structure of the typhoon simulated by experiments with stronger typhoon intensity also develops faster. Differences of intensity between experiments are due mainly to the differences in sea surface heat flux, the enthalpy transferred from sea surface to the atmosphere has a significant impact on the bottom atmosphere wind field, and there is a strong correspondence between the distribution of enthalpy flux and the bottom wind field.

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Section: Track and Intensitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Impacts of Air-Sea Energy Transfer on Typhoon Modelling

Sun

Song

Leng

et al. 2021

Advances in Meteorology

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“…New water masses are formed that contain different volumes of the original Atlantic water (Ivanov and Timokhov, 2019). A significant part of the heat content of Atlantic water is spent on melting ice and heating the atmosphere, influencing the climatic characteristics of the region (Rahmstorf and Ganopolski, 1999). To a large extent, the heat exchange between the Barents Sea and the atmosphere is carried out by the turbulent heat flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea according to numerical modeling

2021

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Abstract. This paper investigates the impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea. The Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) algorithm, meteorological data from reanalysis and wave data from the WAVEWATCH III wave model results were used. The turbulent heat fluxes were calculated using the modified Charnock parameterization for the roughness length and several parameterizations that explicitly account for the sea wave parameters. A catalog of storm wave events and a catalog of extreme cold-air outbreaks over the Barents Sea were created and used to calculate heat fluxes during extreme events. The important role of cold-air outbreaks in the energy exchange between the Barents Sea and the atmosphere is demonstrated. A high correlation was found between the number of cold-air outbreak days and turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat, as well as with the net flux of longwave radiation averaged over the ice-free surface of the Barents Sea during a cold season. The differences in the long-term mean values of heat fluxes calculated using different parameterizations for the roughness length are small and are on average 1 %–3 % of the flux magnitude. The parameterizations of Taylor and Yelland (2001) and Oost et al. (2002) lead to an increase in the magnitude of the fluxes on average, and the parameterization of Drennan et al. (2003) leads to a decrease in the magnitude of the fluxes over the entire sea compared with the Charnock parameterization. The magnitude of heat fluxes and their differences during the storm wave events exceed the mean values by a factor of 2. However, the effect of explicitly accounting for the wave parameters is, on average, small and multidirectional, depending on the parameterization used for the roughness length. With respect to the climatic aspect, it can be argued that explicitly accounting for sea waves in the calculations of heat fluxes can be neglected. However, during the simultaneously observed storm wave events and cold-air outbreaks, the sensitivity of the calculated values of fluxes to the parameterizations used increases along with the turbulent heat transfer increase. In some extreme cases, during storms and cold-air outbreaks, the difference exceeds 700 W m−2.

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“…We used the Coupled‐Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system (Warner et al., 2010), which consists of four different components: an atmospheric model (Weather Research Forecasting [WRF], Skamarock et al., 2008), an ocean circulation model (Regional Ocean Modeling System, ROMS, Shchepetkin & McWilliams, 2005), a wave model (Simulating Waves Nearshore, SWAN, Booij et al., 1999), and sediment transport model. The COAWST has been used in a variety of applications such as in studies of atmosphere‐ocean‐wave interactions affected by a hurricane (Olabarrieta et al., 2012; Prakash et al., 2019), wave‐current interactions in the surf zone (Kumar et al., 2012). In this study, the coupled modeling system was used in a coupled WRF‐ROMS mode.…”

Section: Model Description and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coupled Numerical Modeling Study of a Sea Fog Case After the Passage of Typhoon Muifa Over the Yellow Sea in 2011

2021

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Satellite remote sensing data revealed a widespread sea fog event over the central/southern Yellow Sea (YS), following Typhoon Muifa passage in August 2011. Despite the importance of sea fog prediction for coastal safety, improving accuracy remains a challenging issue. By analyzing results from air‐sea coupled and uncoupled simulations, this study aims to investigate how the air‐sea coupling improves the sea fog formation and duration and examine atmospheric responses to spatiotemporally varying sea surface temperature (SST) over the YS. Unlike the uncoupled model, the SST simulated by the coupled model dramatically decreased and maintained its low temperature for more than a week after the typhoon passed over the YS, showing better agreement with the observations. The sharp SST decrease over the YS cools the air temperature at low‐level atmosphere and enhances horizontal convergence in the moisture flux over the cooler ocean, which provides favorable conditions for sea fog formation. The long‐lasting oceanic cooling stabilizes the atmospheric boundary layer and suppresses atmospheric vertical mixing, delaying the dissipation of sea fog for more than a week. This study highlights that air‐sea coupling can improve the sea fog simulation by providing more realistic oceanic conditions.

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Effects of the Sea Surface Roughness and Sea Spray‐Induced Flux Parameterization on the Simulations of a Tropical Cyclone

Cited by 22 publications

References 78 publications

Impacts of Air-Sea Energy Transfer on Typhoon Modelling

Impacts of Air-Sea Energy Transfer on Typhoon Modelling

The impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea according to numerical modeling

A Coupled Numerical Modeling Study of a Sea Fog Case After the Passage of Typhoon Muifa Over the Yellow Sea in 2011

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