Effects of the phases of the menstrual cycle on gastric emptying, glycemia, plasma GLP-1 and insulin, and energy intake in healthy lean women

Brennan, Ixchel M.; Feltrin, Kate L.; Nair, Nivasinee S.; Hausken, Trygve; Little, Tanya J.; Gentilcore, Diana; Wishart, Judith M.; Jones, Karen L.; Horowitz, Michael; Feinle‐Bisset, Christine

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00051.2009

Cited by 179 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In rats, estradiol increases CCK's satiating effects (28,29) and attenuates ghrelin's orexigenic effects (30), leading to lower FI. Energy intake is decreased in the follicular compared with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle because of higher levels of estrogen (31), which may have contributed to the greater reduction in FI in postpubertal girls after glucose. Although we did not account for menstrual cycle phase, we were not powered to evaluate the effects of FI and phase with the current study design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Television Viewing at Mealtime Reduces Caloric Compensation in Peripubertal, But Not Postpubertal, Girls

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT:The effect of television viewing (TVV) and pubertal status of 9-to 14-y-old girls on mealtime food intake (FI) after a premeal glucose drink was determined. On four separate mornings, girls randomly received equally sweetened drinks containing Sucralose (control) or glucose (1.0 g/kg body weight) in 250 mL of water 2 h after a standardized breakfast. FI from an ad libitum pizza meal was measured 30 min later with or without TVV. Appetite was measured at 15 min intervals to lunch and postmeal. TVV at mealtime had no effect on FI, however, glucose suppressed FI more with no TVV compared with TVV (24 versus 10%, p Ͻ 0.001), primarily because of its effect in peripubertal girls (p Ͻ 0.028). In postpubertal girls (n ϭ 8), glucose reduced FI by ϳ27% in both the no TVV and TVV conditions, but in peripubertal girls (n ϭ 17), reduction in FI was 22% without TVV and only 1% while TVV. Appetite correlated with FI at 30 min only in postpubertal girls. TVV at mealtime reduced caloric compensation after consumption of the glucose drink in peripubertal, but not postpubertal, girls, with no effect on mealtime FI. (Clinical trial number NCT01025687.) (Pediatr Res 70: 513-517, 2011) F ood intake (FI) regulation in children is influenced by both physiological and environmental factors. Physiological signals of satiety and satiation are primary regulators of FI and energy balance (1). However, many nonfood-related stimuli in the mealtime environment impact this regulation (2). In children, excessive screen time (4 ϩ h/d) has been associated with increased incidence of obesity (3). Possible causes of this association are increased preference for energy dense foods and sweetened beverages (4), decreased resting metabolic rate (5), meal skipping (6), and reduced activity (7) while television viewing (TVV).Despite the strong associations found between obesity and TVV (7), few studies in children and adolescents have reported quantitative FI while TVV using a within-subject design. Although 3-to 5-y olds eat less while TVV (8), 15-to 16-y olds show no differences in FI when eating while TVV, no TVV, and listening to music (9). Only one study examined the effect of TVV on FI in 9-to 14-y-old children (10). Although TVV, boys ate 24% more at a pizza meal, indicating delayed satiation and showed diminished response to satiety signals after a glucose drink taken 30 min before the meal. Thus, mealtime TVV impaired physiologic signals leading to both satiety and satiation (10).The effect of TVV on satiety and satiation has not been reported for 9-to 14-y-old girls. Girls in this age range experience hormonal changes during puberty that may impact energy intake (11) and may use food and diet to address their negative perceptions of body image (12). Thus, our objective was to investigate the effect of TVV while eating and pubertal status on subjective appetite and mealtime FI 30 min after consumption of glucose (1.0 g/kg body weight) or noncaloric sweetened drink in 9-to 14-y-old girls. Our hypothesis was that TVV reduces the effect of...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Television Viewing at Mealtime Reduces Caloric Compensation in Peripubertal, But Not Postpubertal, Girls

et al. 2011

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“…Nonetheless, menstrual cycle phase has been shown to affect appetite [38] and therefore may have influenced energy intake during the ad libitum meal. Recent findings also suggest that menstrual cycle phase may alter postprandial hormone responses [39]. Future studies examining energy intake and metabolism in women should control for effects of menstrual cycle phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating rate during a fixed-portion meal does not affect postprandial appetite and gut peptides or energy intake during a subsequent meal

Karl

Young

Montain

2011

Physiology & Behavior

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, "Eating rate during a fixed-portion meal does not affect postprandial appetite and gut peptides or energy intake during a subsequent meal" (2011). US Army Research. 131. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmyresearch/131 Eating rate during a fixed-portion meal does not affect postprandial appetite and gut peptides or energy intake during a subsequent meal ☆ Eating rate has recently been shown to influence energy intake and appetite during an ad libitum meal, and alter postprandial secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide-YY (PYY) following a fixed-portion meal. Whether these effects influence satiety, as measured by energy intake at the subsequent meal, is unclear. We manipulated eating rate during a fixed-portion meal in order to examine how eating behavior and associated periprandial and postprandial responses of putative endocrine mediators of appetite would affect energy intake at the following meal in fifteen non-obese (BMIb 25 kg/m²) and ten obese (BMI≥ 30 kg/m²) healthy adult men and women. In random order, each participant consumed a standardized, fixed-portion meal in 7 (FM), 14 (MM) or 28 (SM) minutes. Fullness, measured by the Satiety Labeled Intensity Magnitude (SLIM) scale, serum insulin, glucose, leptin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), PYY, GLP-1, neuropeptide-Y, and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) were measured for 3 h following the fixed-portion meal. Ad libitum energy intake at the next meal was then measured. Eating slowly delayed time to peak fullness (P ≤ 0.05), but did not alter peak fullness. Peak PP concentrations were attenuated during FM compared to MM and SM (P ≤ 0.05) and were reached earlier during MM compared to SM (P ≤ 0.05). A meal-by-time interaction (P ≤ 0.05), but no differences in AUC, peak, or time to peak were observed for CCK. No additional between meal differences in AUC, peak or time to peak for any endocrine mediator of appetite was observed. Ad libitum energy intake was not different between trials. In conclusion, the rate at which a fixed-portion meal is consumed does not appear to alter satiety despite a small effect on PP and CCK responses.Published by Elsevier Inc.

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“…Women were studied during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle (i.e. within 10 days of the onset of their menstrual period), given the previously observed differences in appetite and appetite-regulating hormones between the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle (13,14).…”

Section: Smoking Cessation Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of smoking cessation on β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, body weight, and appetite

Stadler

Tomann

Storka

et al. 2014

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To stop smoking is commonly associated with significant weight gain, but the mechanisms for this are poorly understood. We assessed the effects of smoking cessation on body weight, insulin sensitivity, b-cell function, and appetite. Subjects and methods: Twenty-seven long-term smokers (nZ27; nine females/18 males, 28G1 years, 22.9G0.6 kg/m 2 )attending an ambulatory smoking cessation program in a community hospital in Vienna, Austria were examined at baseline (Visit A; still smoking) and after a minimum of 3 months of smoking abstinence (Visit B; nZ14); relapsed smokers were not followed up. Participants underwent 3-h oral glucose tolerance tests and body composition measurements at each study visit. Fasting (QUICKI) and dynamic (oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS)) insulin sensitivity and b-cell secretion (insulinogenic index 140 (IGI40)) were calculated. Food intake was quantified with a free choice buffet. Fasting plasma concentrations of neuropeptide-Y (NPY), peptide-YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), leptin, ghrelin, and visfatin were measured. Results: After O3 months' smoking abstinence, body weight, and fat mass were increased (C4 and C22% respectively, P!0.05) and fasting insulin sensitivity deteriorated (QUICKI: post, 0.37G0.02 vs baseline, 0.41G0.2; P!0.05), while OGIS remained unchanged throughout. IGI40 increased by 31% after O3 months' smoking abstinence (P!0.01). Carbohydrate ingestion increased after stopping smoking (P!0.05). NPY fasting levels were increased after O3 months (P!0.05), PYY, GLP1, leptin, ghrelin, and visfatin were unchanged. Conclusion: Smoking cessation is associated with transient metabolic changes including increased b-cell secretion in response to glucose and fasting insulin resistance. These alterations may be associated with or contribute to the body weight gain after smoking cessation.

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Effects of the phases of the menstrual cycle on gastric emptying, glycemia, plasma GLP-1 and insulin, and energy intake in healthy lean women

Cited by 179 publications

References 52 publications

Television Viewing at Mealtime Reduces Caloric Compensation in Peripubertal, But Not Postpubertal, Girls

Television Viewing at Mealtime Reduces Caloric Compensation in Peripubertal, But Not Postpubertal, Girls

Eating rate during a fixed-portion meal does not affect postprandial appetite and gut peptides or energy intake during a subsequent meal

Effects of smoking cessation on β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, body weight, and appetite

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