Effects of the micro–nano surface topography of titanium alloy on the biological responses of osteoblast

Abstract

In clinical applications, osseointegration is essential for the long-term stability of dental implants. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of natural bone, we applied the electrochemical etching (EC) technique to form a micro-nano structure on a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) substrate, called EC surface. Sand blasting and acid etching (SLA) and machined (M) methods were employed to generate micro and smooth textures, respectively, as the control groups. The surface topographies of the three substrates were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) were cultured on substrates, and adhesion, proliferation, morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and gene expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and type I collagen (COLIA 1) were analyzed. MG63 cells cultured on the EC Ti alloy substrates displayed better cell adhesion, significant proliferation, and a higher production level of ALP, gene expressions of RUNX2, OCN, OPN and COLIA 1 (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) compared with those of SLA and M substrates. These results indicate that the micro-nano structure fabricated by electrochemical etching method is beneficial for the biological functions of MG63 cells and may be a promising candidate in dental implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 757-769, 2017.

Effects of micro/nano strontium‐loaded surface implants on osseointegration in ovariectomized sheep

“…In terms of the MT surface, first, it can improve bone microarchitecture by increasing the contact surface area between the bone and the implant, thereby increasing biomechanical interlocking . Second, the micro rough surface can promote osteoblast differentiation, while inhibiting its proliferation through increased expression of Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and type I collagen (COL‐1); this inhibition can contribute to the improved biological response of host bone in osteoporosis . Third, the micro rough surface can also improve the biological response of host bone by regulating the secretion of angiogenic factors in bone tissue around the implant, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2, which can enhance bone formation by supplying oxygen, nutrients, and other growth‐related factors …”

“…27 Second, the micro rough surface can promote osteoblast differentiation, while inhibiting its proliferation through increased expression of Runtrelated transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and type I collagen (COL-1); this inhibition can contribute to the improved biological response of host bone in osteoporosis. 28 Third, the micro rough surface can also improve the biological response of host bone by regulating the secretion of angiogenic factors in bone tissue around the implant, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2, which can enhance bone formation by supplying oxygen, nutrients, and other growth-related factors. 29,30 For the nano rough surface, first, it can increase wettability to blood, resulting in the spreading and binding of fibrin and matrix proteins in blood, thus accelerating cell attachment around the implant.…”

Biological characterization of surface-treated dental implant materials in contact with mammalian host and bacterial cells: titanium versus zirconia

“…68 Yin et al also observed higher average ALP activity as well as upregulation in osteoblast gene expression of human osteoblast-like cells on rough Ti alloy surfaces aer electrochemically etching or sandblasting and acid-etching as compared to machined (smooth) surfaces. 69 Furthermore, an increase in surface roughness was also shown to yield similar ALP activity levels for both sandblasted and acid-etched cpTi and Y-ZrO 2 surfaces aer 8, 11, and 15 days. 70 Thus, it is expected that both rough cpTi and Y-ZrO 2 surfaces would allow for better bone growth and ultimately osseointegration in vivo.…”

A Newly Created Meso-, Micro-, and Nano-Scale Rough Titanium Surface Promotes Bone-Implant Integration

“…It is unclear whether and to what extent the nano-surface improves the osteoconductive and osseointegrative ability of biomaterials [30]; more importantly, nano-scale features have yet to be successfully formed on titanium materials or commercial implant products [31,32]. Although reports exist on the creation of nano-scale titanium surfaces [14,33,34], the nano-features did not present distinct or defined appearance. In addition, it is technically difficult to control nano-scale structure, prompting the need for further studies.…”