Effects of the long‐term administration to animals of dextran sulphate

Abstract

Gavin, John J. (Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, N.J.), and Wayne W. Umbreit. Effect of biotin on fatty acid distribution in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 89:437-443. 1965.-Biotin deficiency causes changes in the composition and distribution of the fatty acids in cell wall-cell membrane fractions of Escherichia coli T 94A. Most notable among the fatty acid changes are decreased amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, the presence of unsaponifiable lipid material, and the lack of a lipopolysaccharide fraction in the cell wall-cell membrane. Also, though the hexane-extractable material from the lipoprotein fraction of biotin-adequate cells will transfer glucose from water to hexane, the same material from biotin-deficient cells will not.

Quantitative observations on iliac bone marrow mast cells in chronic renal failure.

“…The precise relationship between mast cells and bone resorption and formation does not appear to have been resolved. Local effects of heparin may be responsible since it is known that the administration of heparin and similar but synthetic polysaccharides to experimental animals is associated with bone resorption and impaired ossification (Gillman and Naidoo, 1957;Ellis, 1965). Osteoporosis has also been reported following the long-term administration of heparin to patients (Griffith et al, 1965;Jaffe and Willis, 1965;Schuster et al, 1969).…”

“…Others have suggested that the bone resorptive effect of heparin is an indirect one and mediated through hyperparathyroidism resulting from the hypocalcaemia following the binding of serum calcium ions by heparin (Hahnemann, 1965). This hypothesis is not borne out by the observations that calcium heparin is equally effective as sodium heparin in inducing osteoporosis (Ellis, 1965) and that parathyroidectomy does not prevent development of heparinoid osteopathy (Ellis and Peart, 1971b). There is also evidence from tissue culture experiments to suggest that heparin may enhance bone resorption by acting as a parathormone cofactor (Goldhaber, 1965).…”

Drug and Hormone Effects on Vitamin D Metabolism

“…This may lead to lower calcium levels, which would stimulate PTH release. However, this is a doubtful mechanism for heparin-induced osteopenia, as calcium salts of heparin are as effective in inducing osteoporosis as the corresponding sodium salts [557]. The reasons for the low 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 values with heparin are entirely speculative, but may involve direct inhibition of the 1a-hydroxylase system, with the low 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels in turn influencing receptors on the parathyroid gland, which induces PTH stimulation.…”

Effect of Heparin and Synthetic Anticoagulants on Amphibian and Avian Development

“…The long-term administration of the synthetic heparin substitutes dextran sulphate and laminarin sulphate to rabbits, guinea-pigs and rats induces osteoporosis and fractures (Adams, Thorpe & Glynn, 1958;Hint & Richter, 1958;Ellis, 1965). Heparin is relatively nontoxic in this respect, although mild degrees of osteoporosis and occasional fractures are produced if large enough doses are used in guinea-pigs (Ellis, 1965).…”

“…Heparin is relatively nontoxic in this respect, although mild degrees of osteoporosis and occasional fractures are produced if large enough doses are used in guinea-pigs (Ellis, 1965). Griffith, Nichols, Asher & Flanagan (1965) and Jaffe & Willis (1965) have recently reported osteoporosis and fractures in patients treated with heparin for prolonged periods.…”